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| VOLUME ONE: THE NATURE OF ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Introduction |
A Bryman |
| A Review of Ethnography |
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| PART ONE: ANTHROPOLOGICAL BEGINNINGS |
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| The Ethnographer's Magic |
G W Stocking |
| Fieldwork in British Anthropology from Tylor to Malinowski |
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| Tribal Ethnography |
E R Leach |
| Past, Present and Future |
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| The Methods of Ethnology |
F Boas |
| Some Reminiscences and Reflection on Fieldwork |
E E Evans-Pritchard |
| Tenting with Malinowski |
M L Wax |
| Notes and Queries on Anthropology and the Development of Field Methods in British Anthropology, 1870-1920 |
J Urry |
| PART TWO: SOCIOLOGICAL BEGINNINGS |
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| Understanding Urban Life |
L H Lofland |
| The Chicago Legacy |
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| The Development of the `Participant Observation' Method in Sociology |
J Platt |
| Origin Myth and History |
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| On Making the Most of Participant Observation |
W F Whyte |
| Everett C Hughes and the Development of Fieldwork in Sociology |
J M Champoulie |
| PART THREE: TRADITIONS IN ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Notes on Queries in Ethnography |
C O Frake |
| The Two Traditions of Educational Ethnography |
S Delamont and P Atkinson |
| Sociology and Anthropology Compared |
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| Critical Realist Ethnography |
S Porter |
| The Case of Racism and Professionalism in a Medical Setting |
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| PART FOUR: EPISTEMOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| From the Native's Point of View |
C Geertz |
| On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding |
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| Epistemological Implications of Fieldwork and Their Consequences |
F A Salamone |
| The Ethnographic Method in Sociology |
R L Gold |
| How Native Is a `Native' Anthropologist? |
K Narayan |
| Ethnography's Warrants |
J Katz |
| VOLUME TWO: ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELDWORK PRACTICE |
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| PART ONE: THE NATURE OF ETHNOGRAPHIC PRACTICE |
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| Studying Deviance in Four Settings |
J M Henslin |
| Research Experiences with Cabbies, Suicides, Drug Users and Abortionees |
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| Four Ways to Improve the Craft of Fieldwork |
R M Emerson |
| Making a Study `More Ethnographic' |
H F Wolcott |
| PART TWO: ACCESS AND ENTRY |
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| The Masking of Social Reality |
D Serber |
| Ethnographic Fieldwork in the Bureaucracy |
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| Participant Observation and Research into Football Hooliganism |
R Giulianotti |
| Reflections on the Problems of <i>Entr[ac]ee</i> and Everyday Risks |
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| PART THREE: SAMPLING IN ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods |
M Q Patton |
| Sampling in Qualitative Research |
M R Luborsky and R L Rubinstein |
| Rationale, Issues and Methods |
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| PART FOUR: FIELDWORK ROLES |
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| Roles in Sociological Field Observation |
R L Gold |
| Fieldwork Roles and Informational Yield |
D A Snow, R D Benford and L Anderson |
| A Comparison of Alternative Settings and Roles |
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| PART FIVE: ETHNOGRAPHIC FIELDWORK RELATIONSHIPS |
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| The Participant Observer and Over-Rapport |
S M Miller |
| Between Stranger and Friend |
R B Everhart |
| Some Consequences of `Long-Term' Fieldwork in Schools |
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| Lovers in the Field |
J Dubisch |
| Sex, Dominance and the Female Anthropologist |
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| The Relationship of Observer to Observed When Studying up |
J Cassell |
| Doing Ethnography |
W Shaffir |
| Reflections on Finding Your Way |
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| PART SIX: INFORMANTS |
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| The Informant Game |
J Van Maanen |
| Anthropologists and Their Informants |
M Shokeid |
| PART SEVEN: FIELDNOTES |
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| A Vocabulary for Fieldnotes |
R Sanjek |
| Writing Fieldnotes |
N Rapport |
| The Conventionalities of Note-Taking in the Field |
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| <i>D[ac]ej[gr]a Entendu |
J E Jackson |
| The Liminal Qualities of Anthropological Fieldnotes |
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| PART EIGHT: INTERVIEWING IN ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Step Two |
J R Spradley |
| Interviewing an Informant |
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| Questions for the Ethnographer |
C L Briggs |
| A Critical Examination of the Role of the Interview in Fieldwork |
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| Privileging Fieldwork over Interviewing |
S Kleinman, B Stenross and M McMahon |
| Consequences for Identity and Practice |
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| PART NINE: LEAVING THE FIELD |
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| The Disengagement Process |
D Snow |
| A Neglected Problem in Participant Observation Research |
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| Leaving, Revisiting and Staying in Touch |
C Gallmeier |
| Neglected Issues in Field Research |
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| VOLUME THREE: ISSUES IN ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| PART ONE: GENDER IN THE FIELD |
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| From Anguish to Exultation |
L Nader |
| Sex and Gender in Fieldwork Research |
C Warren and P Rasmussen |
| Spotting the Invisible Man |
N McKeganey and M Bloor |
| The Influence of Male Gender on Fieldwork Relations |
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| PART TWO: FEMINIST ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Can There Be a Feminist Ethnography? |
J Stacey |
| Situating the Production of Feminist Ethnography |
B Skeggs |
| Yes Virginia, There Is a Feminist Ethnography |
D Bell |
| Reflections from Three Australian Fields |
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| PART THREE: VALIDATING ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH |
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| Problems of Reliability and Validity in Ethnographic Research |
M LeCompte and J Goetz |
| On the Use of Members' Responses to Reseachers' Accounts |
R M Emerson and M Pollner |
| Emerging Criteria for Quality in Qualitative and Interpretive Research |
Y S Lincoln |
| PART FOUR: COMBINING ETHNOGRAPHY WITH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH |
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| Research Methods for the Study of Conflict and Cooperation |
W F Whyte |
| The Combination of Quantitative and Qualitative Research in a Study of Shopping, Place and Identity |
D Miller et al |
| PART FIVE: TEAM ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Blitzkrieg </i>Ethnography |
R C Rist |
| On the Transformation of a Method into a Movement |
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| Negotiated Validity in Collaborative Ethnography |
L L Belgrave and K J Smith |
| PART SIX: DOCUMENTS AND MATERIAL CULTURE |
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| The Study of Material Culture Today |
P Lemonnier |
| Towards an Anthropology of Technical Systems |
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| Analyzing Documentary Realities |
P Atkinson and A Coffey |
| PART SEVEN: THE VISUAL IMAGE |
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| The Visual Ethnographic Narrative |
D Harper |
| Video, Film and Photographs as Research Documents |
P Loizos |
| PART EIGHT: APPLYING ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Ethnographic Educational Evaluation |
D M Fetterman |
| Applied Anthropology and Postmodernist Ethnography |
A M Johannsen |
| PART NINE: ETHICAL ISSUES IN ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Ethical Principles for Conducting Fieldwork |
J Cassell |
| Ten Lies of Ethnography |
G A Fine |
| Moral Dilemmas in Field Research |
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| PART TEN: REPLICATION AND RE-STUDY IN ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| The Gold Coast and the Slum Revisited |
A Hunter |
| The Rashomon Effect |
K G Heider |
| When Ethnographers Disagree |
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| The Mead/Freeman Controversy |
A Bryman |
| Some Implications for Qualitative Researchers |
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| VOLUME FOUR: ANALYSIS AND WRITING IN ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| PART ONE: REFLEXIVITY IN ETHNOGRAPHY: THE PERSONAL DIMENSION |
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| Survival in the Field |
M Clarke |
| Implications of Personal Experience in Fieldwork |
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| Reflexivity in Fieldwork |
I Karp and M B Kendall |
| `Then You Know How I Feel' |
L Ellingson |
| Empathy, Identification and Reflexivity in Fieldwork |
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| PART TWO: AUTO-ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Auto-Ethnography |
D M Hayano |
| Paradigms, Problems and Prospects |
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| Exploring Loss through Auto-Ethnographic Inquiry |
C Ellis |
| Auto-Ethnographic Stories, Co-Constructed Narratives and Interactive Interviews |
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| PART THREE: INTERPRETING ETHNOGRAPHIC DATA |
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| The Ethnographic Critique of Ethnography |
J D Brewer |
| Sectarianism in the RUC |
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| Examining the Facts in Fieldwork |
J Ennew |
| Considerations of Method and Data |
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| Ethnography as Narrative |
E R Bruner |
| PART FOUR: MANAGING ETHNOGRAPHIC DATA |
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| Quality into Quantity |
A Johnson and O R Johnson |
| On the Measurement Potential of Ethnography Fieldnotes |
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| Ethnographic Content Analysis |
D L Altheide |
| Users' Experiences of Qualitative Data Analysis Software |
R M Lee and N G Fielding |
| PART FIVE: ANALYZING ETHNOGRAPHIC DATA |
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| A Theory of Qualitative Methodology |
J Katz |
| The Social System of Analytic Fieldwork |
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| `Discovering' Chronic Illness |
K Charmaz |
| Using Grounded Theory |
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| Processing Fieldnotes |
R M Emerson, R I Fretz and L L Shaw |
| Coding and Memoing |
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| PART SIX: REVISITING ETHNOGRAPHIC DATA |
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| The Ethnography of a Medical Setting |
P Atkinson |
| Reading, Writing and Rhetoric |
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| The Data Are out There, or Are They? Implications for Archiving and Revisiting Qualitative Data |
N S Mauthner, O Parry and K Backett-Milburn |
| PART SEVEN: ETHNOGRAPHY AS TEXT |
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| Being There |
C Geertz |
| Anthropology and the Science of Writing |
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| Postmodern Ethnography |
S A Tyler |
| From Document of the Occult to Occult Document |
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| The Rhetorical Turn in Ethnography |
M Hammersley |
| Educational Birds |
L Richardson |
| The Facts of Fictions in Qualitative Inquiry |
N K Denzin |
| PART EIGHT: THE LIMITS OF ETHNOGRAPHY |
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| Bringing It All Back Home |
R Jenkins |
| An Anthropologist in Belfast |
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| Both a Borrower and a Lender Be |
F Ingersoll and J Ingersoll |
| Ethnography, Oral History and Grounded Theory |
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| Researching Police Deviance |
M Punch |
| A Personal Encounter with the Limitations and Liabilities of Fieldwork |
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