Chapter Resources
Chapter 1: History of Gangs in the United States
- Journal Articles
- Cureton, S. R. (2009). Something wicked this way comes: A historical account of black gangsterism offers wisdom and warning for African American leadership. Journal of Black Studies, 40, 347-361.
- Gannon, T. M. (1967). Dimensions of current gang delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 4, 119-131.
- Portes, A., & Zhou, M. (1993). The new second generation: Segmented assimilation and its variants. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 530, 1, 74-96.
- Video Links
Chapter 2: Myths and Realities of Youth Gangs
- Journal Articles
- Bjerregaard, B. (2003). Anti-gang legislation and its potential impact: The promises and the pitfalls. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 14, 171-192.
- Huff, C. R. (1989). Youth gangs and public policy. Crime and Delinquency, 35, 524-537.
- Welch, M., Price, E. A., & Yankey, N. (2002). Moral panic over youth violence: Wilding and the manufacture of menace in the media. Youth & Society, 34, 3-30.
- Video Links
Chapter 3: Defining Gangs and Gang Members
- Journal Articles
- Esbensen, F., Winfree, L. T., He, N., & Taylor, T. J. (2001). Youth gangs and definitional issues: When is a gang a gang, and why does it matter? Crime and Delinquency, 47, 105-130.
- Hardman, D. G. (1967). Historical perspectives of gang research. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 4, 5-27
- Gatti, U., Haymoz, S., & Schadee, H. M. A. (2011). Deviant youth groups in 30 countries: Results from the second international self-report delinquency study. International Criminal Justice Review, 21, 208-224.
- Video Links
Chapter 4: Early Gang Theories and Modern Day Applications
- Journal Articles
- Curry, G. D., & Spergel, I. A. (1992). Gang involvement and delinquency among Hispanic and African-American adolescent males. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, 273-291.
- Short, J. F., Jr. & Hughes, L. A. (2009). Urban ethnography and research integrity: Empirical and theoretical dimensions. Ethnography, 10, 397-415.
- Thornberry, T. P. (2005). Explaining multiple patterns of offending across the life course and across generations. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 602, 1, 156-195.
- Curry, G. D., & Spergel, I. A. (1992). Gang involvement and delinquency among Hispanic and African-American adolescent males. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, 273-291.
- Video Links
- 'The Interrupters' Confronts Chicago's Gang Violence
A preview of a 2011 documentary called "The Interrupters," reformed gang members who have made it their mission to eliminate the role of violence in conflicts among gang members and lower-class individuals between the "interstitial" ages of 16 and 25. - Gang prevention curriculum for ex-gang members and parents
Leo, a leader of Center of Hope: New Hope Ministries, shares how parental neglect and familial abuse led him to participate in gangs as a youth.
- 'The Interrupters' Confronts Chicago's Gang Violence
Chapter 5: Gang Involvement as a Developmental Trajectory
- Journal Articles
- Esbensen, F., Huizinga, D., & Weiher, A. W. (1993). Gang and non-gang youth: differences in explanatory variables. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 9, 94-116.
- Hughes, L. A. (2005). Studying youth gangs: Alternative methods and conclusions. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21, 98-119.
- Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (2005) A life-course view of the development of crime. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, (602), 1, 12-45.
- Esbensen, F., Huizinga, D., & Weiher, A. W. (1993). Gang and non-gang youth: differences in explanatory variables. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 9, 94-116.
- Video Links
Chapter 6: Girls and Gangs
- Journal Articles
- Chesney-Lind, M. (1989). Girls’ crime and a women’s place: Toward a feminist model of female delinquency. Crime & Delinquency, 35, 5-29.
- Esbensen, F., Deschenes, E. P., & Winfree, L. T. (1999). Differences between gang girls and gang boys: Results from a multi-site survey. Youth and Society, 31, 27-53.
- Adamshick, P. Z. (2010). The lived experience of girl-to-girl aggression in marginalized girls. Qualitative Health Research, 20, 541-555.
- Chesney-Lind, M. (1989). Girls’ crime and a women’s place: Toward a feminist model of female delinquency. Crime & Delinquency, 35, 5-29.
- Video Links
Chapter 7: National Gang Problem Trends: 1996-2009
- Journal Articles
- Decker, S. H., and Pyrooz, D. C. (2010). On the validity and reliability of gang homicide: A comparison of disparate sources. Homicide Studies, 14, 359-376.
- Esbensen, F., & Weerman, F. M. (2005). Youth gangs and troublesome youth groups in the United States and the Netherlands: A cross-national comparison. European Journal of Criminology, 2, 5-37.
- Hallsworth, S., & Young, T. (2008). Gang talk and gang talkers: A critique. Crime Media Culture, 42, 175-195.
- Video Links
Chapter 8: Urban Gangs and Violence
- Journal Articles
- Howell, J. C. (1999). Youth gang homicides: A literature review. Crime and Delinquency, 45, 208-241.
- Cohen, J., Cork, D., Engberg, J., & Tita, G. E. (1998). The role of drug markets and gangs in local homicide rates. Homicide Studies, 2, 241-262.
- Chavez, G. M., & Griffiths, E. (2009). Neighborhood dynamics of urban violence: Understanding the immigration connection. Homicide Studies, 13, 261-273.
- Howell, J. C. (1999). Youth gang homicides: A literature review. Crime and Delinquency, 45, 208-241.
- Video Links
Chapter 9: What Works for Gang Prevention
- Journal Articles
- Hill, K. G., Howell, J. C., Hawkins, J. D., & Battin-Pearson, S. R. (1999). Childhood risk factors for adolescent gang membership: Results from the Seattle Social Development Project. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36, 300-322.
- Decker, S. H., Katz, C. M., & Webb, V. J. (2008). Understanding the black box of gang organization: Implications for involvement in violent crime, drug sales, and violent victimization. Crime and Delinquency, 54, 153-172.
- Esbensen, F., Peterson, D., Taylor, T. J., & Freng, A. (2009). Similarities and differences in risk factors for violent offending and gang membership. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 42, 1-26.
- Hill, K. G., Howell, J. C., Hawkins, J. D., & Battin-Pearson, S. R. (1999). Childhood risk factors for adolescent gang membership: Results from the Seattle Social Development Project. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36, 300-322.
- Video Links
Chapter 10: What Works: A Comprehensive Gang Program Model
- Journal Articles
- Howell, J. C., & Egley, A. Jr. (2005). Moving risk factors into developmental theories of gang membership. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 3, 334-354.
- Howell, J. C. (2003). Diffusing research into practice using the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 1, 219-245.
- Popkin, S. J., Leventhal, T., & Weismann, G. (2010). Girls in the ’hood: How safety affects the life chances of low-income girls. Urban Affairs Review, 45, 715-744.
- Howell, J. C., & Egley, A. Jr. (2005). Moving risk factors into developmental theories of gang membership. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 3, 334-354.
- Video Links
