Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics

Number Of Volumes: 2
Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics
August 2014 | 1216 pages | Sage US
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ISBN: 9781483389790
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Description

Federal, state, county, and municipal police forces all have their own codes of conduct, yet the ethics of being a police officer remain perplexing and are often difficult to apply in dynamic situations. The police misconduct statistics are staggering and indicate that excessive use of force comprises almost a quarter of misconduct cases, with sexual harassment, fraud/theft, and false arrest being the next most prevalent factors. The ethical issues and dilemmas in criminal justice also reach deep into the legal professions, the structure and administration of justice in society, and the personal characteristics of those in the criminal justice professions.

The Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics includes A to Z entries by experts in the field that explore the scope of ethical decision making and behaviors within the spheres of criminal justice systems, including policing, corrections, courts, forensic science, and policy analysis and research. This two-volume set is available in both print and electronic formats.

Features:

  • Entries are authored and signed by experts in the field and conclude with references and further readings, as well as cross references to related entries that guide readers to the next steps in their research journeys.
  • A Reader's Guide groups related entries by broad topic areas and themes, making it easy for readers to quickly identify related entries.
  • A Chronology highlights the development of the field and places material into historical context; a Glossary defines key terms from the fields of law and ethics; and a Resource Guide provides lists of classic books, academic journals, websites and associations focused on criminal justice ethics.
  • Reports and statistics from such sources as the FBI, the United Nations, and the International Criminal Court are included in an appendix.
  • In the electronic version, the Reader's Guide, index, and cross references combine to provide effective search-and-browse capabilities.

The Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics provides a general, non-technical yet comprehensive resource for students who wish to understand the complexities of criminal justice ethics.

Key Themes:

  • History of Criminal Justice Ethics
  • General Criminal Justice Ethics
  • Police Ethics
  • Legal Ethics
  • Correctional Ethics
  • Criminal Justice Cases and Controversies
  • Technology, Crime, and Ethics
  • Ethics and Critical Criminology

Contents

Criminal informants

Criminal informants

Plea bargaining

Plea bargaining

Prison labor

Prison labor

Criminal Justice Ethics (journal and history of)

Criminal Justice Ethics (journal and history of)

Noble cause corruption

Noble cause corruption

Border patrol

Border patrol

Restorative Justice (theory/practice)

Restorative Justice (theory/practice)

Public Shootings (in schools, at theaters, by municipal buildings)

Public Shootings (in schools, at theaters, by municipal buildings)

Prisoner rights

Prisoner rights

Neuroscience and the criminal law

Neuroscience and the criminal law

LGBTQ communities and hate crimes

LGBTQ communities and hate crimes

Same sex marriage, civil unions, domestic partnerships, and Defense of Marriage Act

Same sex marriage, civil unions, domestic partnerships, and Defense of Marriage Act

Women in prison (mother/child separation and policy)

Women in prison (mother/child separation and policy)

Death Row

Death Row

Roper vs. Simmons (2005)

Roper vs. Simmons (2005)

Three-strikes laws (i.e., habitual felon laws)

Three-strikes laws (i.e., habitual felon laws)

Jury ethics (duties/rights)

Jury ethics (duties/rights)

Jury nullification

Jury nullification

Sex Offender Registry

Sex Offender Registry

Confessions, Coerced

Confessions, Coerced

Private prisons

Private prisons

Prosecutorial Misconduct

Prosecutorial Misconduct

Accountability

Accountability

Forgiveness

Forgiveness

Sex offenders in jails/prisons

Sex offenders in jails/prisons

Beccaria, Cesare (on crimes and punishment)

Beccaria, Cesare (on crimes and punishment)

Kant, Immanuel (deontology and self-legislation)

Kant, Immanuel (deontology and self-legislation)

Prison sexuality

Prison sexuality

Solitary Confinement

Solitary Confinement

Juvenile Detention Facilities

Juvenile Detention Facilities

Juveniles in adult jails

Juveniles in adult jails

Age of criminal responsibility

Age of criminal responsibility

Sexting (laws and crimes)

Sexting (laws and crimes)

Euthanasia

Euthanasia

At-Risk Youth

At-Risk Youth

Social Justice

Social Justice

Criminal profiling (uses/abuses)

Criminal profiling (uses/abuses)

Jury selection (science of)

Jury selection (science of)

Civil disobedience (history)

Civil disobedience (history)

Critical criminology

Critical criminology

Governmentality

Governmentality

Nietzsche, Friedrich (genealogy of morals; beyond good and evil)

Nietzsche, Friedrich (genealogy of morals; beyond good and evil)

Competency to stand trial

Competency to stand trial

Evidence

Evidence

Plain View Doctrine

Plain View Doctrine

Prosecutorial Discretion

Prosecutorial Discretion

Cyber-stalking

Cyber-stalking

D.A.R.E.

D.A.R.E.

Elder abuse

Elder abuse

Internet child pornography

Internet child pornography

Atkins vs. Virginia (2002)

Atkins vs. Virginia (2002)

Brutalization hypothesis

Brutalization hypothesis

Media and crime

Media and crime

Twitter/Facebook communications between police and citizens

Twitter/Facebook communications between police and citizens

Research Ethics and Criminal Justice

Research Ethics and Criminal Justice

Drug legalization (marijuana)

Drug legalization (marijuana)

Televised executions

Televised executions

Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV)

Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV)

Juvenile Gangs & Delinquency

Juvenile Gangs & Delinquency

Institutional Review Board

Institutional Review Board

Psychological tests in the courtroom (uses/abuses)

Psychological tests in the courtroom (uses/abuses)

Corporate Crime

Corporate Crime

Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. ____(2012)

Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. ____(2012)

War crimes

War crimes

Juvenile Sentencing

Juvenile Sentencing

Hobbes, Thomas (state of nature; social contract theory)

Hobbes, Thomas (state of nature; social contract theory)

Human rights

Human rights

Green criminology

Green criminology

War on drugs

War on drugs

Cruel and Unusual Punishment (prohibitions against)

Cruel and Unusual Punishment (prohibitions against)

Flag burning

Flag burning

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Habeas corpus

Habeas corpus

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Demonology (trial by battle/ordeal)

Demonology (trial by battle/ordeal)

Double Jeopardy

Double Jeopardy

Plato (philosopher king; tri-partite soul)

Plato (philosopher king; tri-partite soul)

Socrates (the examined life; involuntary nature of evil)

Socrates (the examined life; involuntary nature of evil)

Therapeutic Jurisprudence

Therapeutic Jurisprudence

Media in the courtroom

Media in the courtroom

Deception (uses/misuses/abuses)

Deception (uses/misuses/abuses)

Police profiling

Police profiling

Specialized court (substance abuse)

Specialized court (substance abuse)

Violence against girls/women

Violence against girls/women

Exclusionary Rule

Exclusionary Rule

Juveniles in Adult Courts

Juveniles in Adult Courts

Waiver/transfer to adult court

Waiver/transfer to adult court

Date Rape

Date Rape

Rationalizing police deviance (forms of and explanations for)

Rationalizing police deviance (forms of and explanations for)

Bentham, Jeremy (pleasure/pain and quantitative utilitarianism)

Bentham, Jeremy (pleasure/pain and quantitative utilitarianism)

Sex trafficking (internationally)

Sex trafficking (internationally)

Sexually violent (SVP) statutes

Sexually violent (SVP) statutes

Foucault, Michel (discipline & punish)

Foucault, Michel (discipline & punish)

Habermas, Jurgen (discourse ethics and communicative theory)

Habermas, Jurgen (discourse ethics and communicative theory)

Vigilantism

Vigilantism

Seductions of Crime

Seductions of Crime

Gun violence

Gun violence

Deleuze, Gilles (e.g., control society, becoming “other,” ethical revolutionary)

Deleuze, Gilles (e.g., control society, becoming “other,” ethical revolutionary)

Lacan, Jacques (e.g., master discourses, “law of the father,” jouissance)

Lacan, Jacques (e.g., master discourses, “law of the father,” jouissance)

International criminal courts

International criminal courts

Human trafficking

Human trafficking

Prostitution

Prostitution

Institutionalization

Institutionalization

Electronic monitoring devices (of offenders prior to trial; of probationers/parolees)

Electronic monitoring devices (of offenders prior to trial; of probationers/parolees)

Boot camps (adult and juvenile)

Boot camps (adult and juvenile)

Mentally ill offenders in jail/prison

Mentally ill offenders in jail/prison

Empathy

Empathy

Insanity Defense (and GBMI verdicts)

Insanity Defense (and GBMI verdicts)

Rand, Ayn (objectivist philosophy)

Rand, Ayn (objectivist philosophy)

Community policing

Community policing

CompStat Program

CompStat Program

Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993)

Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993)

Dream Act

Dream Act

Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. __ (2010)

Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. __ (2010)

Kansas vs. Hendricks (1997)

Kansas vs. Hendricks (1997)

Panopticon

Panopticon

Punishment (justifications)

Punishment (justifications)

Apartheid

Apartheid

Crimes against humanity

Crimes against humanity

Science

Science

Offender treatment

Offender treatment

Critical pedagogy (Freire, conscientization)

Critical pedagogy (Freire, conscientization)

Gender, justice, and ethics (e.g., patriarchy)

Gender, justice, and ethics (e.g., patriarchy)

Capital punishment

Capital punishment

Transitional justice

Transitional justice

Communitarianism (and civil society)

Communitarianism (and civil society)

Judicial Discretion

Judicial Discretion

Prison relationships (staff/inmate)

Prison relationships (staff/inmate)

Dirty Harry” Problem

Dirty Harry” Problem

Police corruption (types of and research on)

Police corruption (types of and research on)

911 Commission Report

911 Commission Report

USA PATRIOT Act

USA PATRIOT Act

Miranda Warnings

Miranda Warnings

Stop and Frisk

Stop and Frisk

Prison violence (e.g., riots)

Prison violence (e.g., riots)

Reno vs. ACLU (1997)

Reno vs. ACLU (1997)

Expert testimony

Expert testimony

Prison Industrial Complex (imprisonment binge)

Prison Industrial Complex (imprisonment binge)

Specialized court (domestic violence)

Specialized court (domestic violence)

Kohlberg, Lawrence (moral stages of development)

Kohlberg, Lawrence (moral stages of development)

Genocide

Genocide

United States v. Jones, (2012) (GPS and policing)

United States v. Jones, (2012) (GPS and policing)

Heidegger, Martin (being & time, care structure)

Heidegger, Martin (being & time, care structure)

Levinas, Emmanuel (otherwise than being; totality and infinity)

Levinas, Emmanuel (otherwise than being; totality and infinity)

Sartre, Jean-Paul (existentialism; bad faith)

Sartre, Jean-Paul (existentialism; bad faith)

Prison gangs

Prison gangs

Supermax” Prisons

Supermax” Prisons

Religious Convictions

Religious Convictions

Elite deviance

Elite deviance

Police value system

Police value system

Work stress and occupational burn-out (policing/corrections)

Work stress and occupational burn-out (policing/corrections)

Early Release

Early Release

Shotspotter Technology

Shotspotter Technology

Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina

Altruism

Altruism

Conscience (as internal sanction)

Conscience (as internal sanction)

Distributive justice

Distributive justice

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (criminal justice applications)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (criminal justice applications)

Harm Principle

Harm Principle

Ideology

Ideology

Specialized court (mental health)

Specialized court (mental health)

Suicide in jail/prison (adult/juvenile)

Suicide in jail/prison (adult/juvenile)

TASERS, pepper spray, and other “non-lethal” weapons

TASERS, pepper spray, and other “non-lethal” weapons

Rawls, John (a theory of justice; liberty and difference principles)

Rawls, John (a theory of justice; liberty and difference principles)

Just deserts

Just deserts

Mandatory sentencing laws

Mandatory sentencing laws

Preventive Detention

Preventive Detention

Immigration law and policy

Immigration law and policy

Vagrancy and the homeless

Vagrancy and the homeless

Contemporary ethical relativism

Contemporary ethical relativism

Decriminalization

Decriminalization

Discretion

Discretion

Intensive parole/probation supervision

Intensive parole/probation supervision

Noddings, Nel/Gilligan, Carol (care ethics, gender and moral development)

Noddings, Nel/Gilligan, Carol (care ethics, gender and moral development)

Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, The

Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, The

Selective incapacitation

Selective incapacitation

Free will

Free will

Castration of sex offenders (disablement)

Castration of sex offenders (disablement)

Aristotle (virtue ethics)

Aristotle (virtue ethics)

Neighborhood Watch

Neighborhood Watch

Victim impact statements (use/misuse/abuse)

Victim impact statements (use/misuse/abuse)

Victim-offender mediation and reconciliation programs

Victim-offender mediation and reconciliation programs

Zero Tolerance Policing

Zero Tolerance Policing

Attorneys

Attorneys

Dignity

Dignity

Sexually violent predators laws (institutional and community monitoring)

Sexually violent predators laws (institutional and community monitoring)

Alternative dispute resolution

Alternative dispute resolution

Legitimacy

Legitimacy

Newsmaking criminology

Newsmaking criminology

Reasonableness

Reasonableness

Texting-while-driving laws

Texting-while-driving laws

Thermal Imaging

Thermal Imaging

Warrants

Warrants

Custodial use of force polices

Custodial use of force polices

Legal guilt

Legal guilt

Proportionality (in law)

Proportionality (in law)

Abu Ghraib prison

Abu Ghraib prison

Deceptive Interrogation

Deceptive Interrogation

Innocence projects

Innocence projects

State/political violence

State/political violence

Cyber-pornography

Cyber-pornography

Police Hostage Negotiations

Police Hostage Negotiations

Gangs (as subcultures)

Gangs (as subcultures)

Prison abolition

Prison abolition

Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (code of ethics)

Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (code of ethics)

Blue wall of silence

Blue wall of silence

Sandel, Michael (limits of justice)

Sandel, Michael (limits of justice)

Civil Commitment

Civil Commitment

Rotten apple” phenomenon (predispositions, authoritarianism)

Rotten apple” phenomenon (predispositions, authoritarianism)

Truth-in-sentencing statutes

Truth-in-sentencing statutes

Race, justice, and ethics (e.g., racial hoaxes)

Race, justice, and ethics (e.g., racial hoaxes)

Problem-Oriented Policing

Problem-Oriented Policing

Surveillance policing (crime mapping, GIS, GPS Monitoring & Location Based Data)

Surveillance policing (crime mapping, GIS, GPS Monitoring & Location Based Data)

Surveillance policing (video and audio surveillance)

Surveillance policing (video and audio surveillance)

Smith vs. Doe (2003)

Smith vs. Doe (2003)

Drones, Flying (police use of)

Drones, Flying (police use of)

Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism

Mala in se and Mala prohibitum

Mala in se and Mala prohibitum

Bail

Bail

Codes of Conduct, Police (International/Federal/State)

Codes of Conduct, Police (International/Federal/State)

Rehabilitation (theory/practice)

Rehabilitation (theory/practice)

Determinate and indeterminate sentencing

Determinate and indeterminate sentencing

Deterrence (theory/practice)

Deterrence (theory/practice)

Sentencing Disparities (ethnic & socioeconomic)

Sentencing Disparities (ethnic & socioeconomic)

Forensic Science, Ethics in

Forensic Science, Ethics in

Social Media (as evidence)

Social Media (as evidence)

Ethical absolutism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical absolutism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical pragmatism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical pragmatism (definition, CJ applications)

Marx, Karl (biology, social evolution, and crime’s elimination)

Marx, Karl (biology, social evolution, and crime’s elimination)

Prisoners’ dilemma”

Prisoners’ dilemma”

Prison overcrowding

Prison overcrowding

Wrongful imprisonment (and detention)

Wrongful imprisonment (and detention)

Drug Enforcement

Drug Enforcement

Battered women’s syndrome (and defense)

Battered women’s syndrome (and defense)

Cultural criminology

Cultural criminology

Florida v. Powell, 559 U.S. ____ (2010)

Florida v. Powell, 559 U.S. ____ (2010)

United States vs. Tobias (1981)

United States vs. Tobias (1981)

Virginia vs. Black (2003)

Virginia vs. Black (2003)

Wisconsin vs. Mitchell (1993)

Wisconsin vs. Mitchell (1993)

Mill, John Stuart (degrees of goodness and qualitative utilitarianism)

Mill, John Stuart (degrees of goodness and qualitative utilitarianism)

Competency restoration and state execution

Competency restoration and state execution

Involuntary outpatient commitment

Involuntary outpatient commitment

Judicial misconduct (process for senior judges to review and discipline lower court or junior judges

Judicial misconduct (process for senior judges to review and discipline lower court or junior judges

Abortion

Abortion

Amnesty International

Amnesty International

Petit apartheid

Petit apartheid

Shaming Penalties

Shaming Penalties

Cyber-terrorism

Cyber-terrorism

Criminal responsibility

Criminal responsibility

Social control (forms of; theory/practice)

Social control (forms of; theory/practice)

Due Process Rights of Prisoners

Due Process Rights of Prisoners

Hegemony

Hegemony

Peace-making and non-violence (theory/practice)

Peace-making and non-violence (theory/practice)

Prison Unions

Prison Unions

Use-of-force policies

Use-of-force policies

Ethical universalism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical universalism (definition, CJ applications)

Legal moralism

Legal moralism

MacIntyre, Alasdair (after virtue)

MacIntyre, Alasdair (after virtue)

Paternalism

Paternalism

Sustainability, justice, and ethics

Sustainability, justice, and ethics

Values (intrinsic versus instrumental)

Values (intrinsic versus instrumental)

Anti-terrorism and counter-terrorism

Anti-terrorism and counter-terrorism

The Rule of Law

The Rule of Law

Choice and action (actus reus)

Choice and action (actus reus)

Cyber-bullying

Cyber-bullying

Clemency

Clemency

Ethical minimalism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical minimalism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical objectivism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical objectivism (definition, CJ applications)

Digital evidence and crime scene investigation

Digital evidence and crime scene investigation

Crime (definitions of)

Crime (definitions of)

Suicide by cop

Suicide by cop

New Jim Crow, The

New Jim Crow, The

Prison corruption (e.g., underground economy)

Prison corruption (e.g., underground economy)

Digital crime and security (e.g., identity theft, computer crimes)

Digital crime and security (e.g., identity theft, computer crimes)

Identity

Identity

Hate speech and civil rights

Hate speech and civil rights

Pornography

Pornography

Justifications in law (e.g., necessity/self defense)

Justifications in law (e.g., necessity/self defense)

Excuses in law (e.g., age, mental disability)

Excuses in law (e.g., age, mental disability)

Sports and crime (e.g., the Sandusky trial and Penn State scandal)

Sports and crime (e.g., the Sandusky trial and Penn State scandal)

Judicial corruption

Judicial corruption

Rights (under the law)

Rights (under the law)

Natural law (definition, CJ applications)

Natural law (definition, CJ applications)

Reification

Reification

DUI Penalties

DUI Penalties

White-collar crime (not corporate)

White-collar crime (not corporate)

Vice (definitions /forms of)

Vice (definitions /forms of)

Animal rights, welfare, and abuse

Animal rights, welfare, and abuse

High-profile cases (the ethics of “justice for sale”)

High-profile cases (the ethics of “justice for sale”)

Divine Command Theory

Divine Command Theory

Duress (and coercion)

Duress (and coercion)

Class, justice, and ethics (e.g., scarcity, stratification and inequality)

Class, justice, and ethics (e.g., scarcity, stratification and inequality)

Hedonism (definition, CJ applications)

Hedonism (definition, CJ applications)

Predictive Policing

Predictive Policing

Egoism and self-interest (ethical)

Egoism and self-interest (ethical)

Harms of reduction/repression

Harms of reduction/repression

Wire Tapping

Wire Tapping

U.S. v. Mitchell, 652 F.3d 387 (3d Cir. 2011)

U.S. v. Mitchell, 652 F.3d 387 (3d Cir. 2011)

Commensense Justice

Commensense Justice

Determinism (internal/external, CJ applications)

Determinism (internal/external, CJ applications)

Intellectual Property Rights

Intellectual Property Rights

Positive law (definition, CJ applications)

Positive law (definition, CJ applications)

Ross, William David (prima facie duties)

Ross, William David (prima facie duties)

Discrimination

Discrimination

Mechanical and physical restraints

Mechanical and physical restraints

Psychological Jurisprudence (theory/method/practice)

Psychological Jurisprudence (theory/method/practice)

Causality

Causality

Culture

Culture

Citizenship

Citizenship

Globalization

Globalization

Right to treatment/Right to refuse treatment

Right to treatment/Right to refuse treatment

Victim impact statements, rights, and restitution

Victim impact statements, rights, and restitution

Police Robots

Police Robots

Politics

Politics

Victims’ Bill of Rights (and assistance programs)

Victims’ Bill of Rights (and assistance programs)

Ethics and Military Courts

Ethics and Military Courts

Entrapment

Entrapment

Child abuse (and neglect)

Child abuse (and neglect)

Intention (phenomenology, mens rea)

Intention (phenomenology, mens rea)

Violence risk assessment

Violence risk assessment

Power

Power

Hypnosis and recovered memory testimony

Hypnosis and recovered memory testimony

Undercover operations

Undercover operations

Conscientious objection (to police/correctional practices)

Conscientious objection (to police/correctional practices)

Risk society politics

Risk society politics

Authority (institutional, corruption of)

Authority (institutional, corruption of)

Arrest Practices

Arrest Practices

Polygraphs

Polygraphs

Volition

Volition

Biometrics & Identification

Biometrics & Identification

Wireless Networking

Wireless Networking

Pariah underground economy

Pariah underground economy

Post-colonialism

Post-colonialism

Codes of Conduct, Legal (International/Federal/State)

Codes of Conduct, Legal (International/Federal/State)

Computer Matching Technology

Computer Matching Technology

Simulated Justice (e.g., telemetric policing)

Simulated Justice (e.g., telemetric policing)

Codes of Conduct, Corrections (International/Federal/State)

Codes of Conduct, Corrections (International/Federal/State)

Internal Review Practices

Internal Review Practices

Malfeasance, nonfeasance, misfeasance

Malfeasance, nonfeasance, misfeasance

Institutional morality

Institutional morality

Radio Frequency Identification Technology (applications)

Radio Frequency Identification Technology (applications)

Wireless Communications

Wireless Communications

Corporate violence (e.g., health and pharmaceutical industries)

Corporate violence (e.g., health and pharmaceutical industries)

Ultramodern criminology (philosophy of)

Ultramodern criminology (philosophy of)

Gambling

Gambling

Critical incidents de-briefing

Critical incidents de-briefing

Convict Criminology and Convict Higher Education

Convict Criminology and Convict Higher Education

Walzer, Michael (spheres of justice; just and unjust wars; thick and thin)

Walzer, Michael (spheres of justice; just and unjust wars; thick and thin)

Community

Community

American Civil Liberties Union

American Civil Liberties Union

DNA lab accountability

DNA lab accountability

Eyewitness testimony

Eyewitness testimony

Police-citizen interaction (as trust, as suspicion)

Police-citizen interaction (as trust, as suspicion)

Torture

Torture

Maximum Security Forensic Hospitals

Maximum Security Forensic Hospitals

Collateral Consequences: Felony Conviction

Collateral Consequences: Felony Conviction

Choice and action (actus reus)

Choice and action (actus reus)

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (relational ethics; embodied care)

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (relational ethics; embodied care)

Knowledge

Knowledge

Sodomy laws

Sodomy laws

Education, continuing legal

Education, continuing legal

Law versus morality

Law versus morality

Deviance

Deviance

Retribution (theory/practice)

Retribution (theory/practice)

Virtue (definition/forms of)

Virtue (definition/forms of)

Parens patriae

Parens patriae

Incapacitation (theory/practice)

Incapacitation (theory/practice)

Public Policy

Public Policy

Synopticon

Synopticon

Egoism and self-interest (psychological)

Egoism and self-interest (psychological)

Offensive conduct

Offensive conduct

Guilt (as internal sanction)

Guilt (as internal sanction)

Duties (types of)

Duties (types of)

Collective efficacy and crime

Collective efficacy and crime

Imprisonment disparities (race and class dynamics)

Imprisonment disparities (race and class dynamics)

Convict criminology

Convict criminology

Sting Operations

Sting Operations

Description

Federal, state, county, and municipal police forces all have their own codes of conduct, yet the ethics of being a police officer remain perplexing and are often difficult to apply in dynamic situations. The police misconduct statistics are staggering and indicate that excessive use of force comprises almost a quarter of misconduct cases, with sexual harassment, fraud/theft, and false arrest being the next most prevalent factors. The ethical issues and dilemmas in criminal justice also reach deep into the legal professions, the structure and administration of justice in society, and the personal characteristics of those in the criminal justice professions.

The Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics includes A to Z entries by experts in the field that explore the scope of ethical decision making and behaviors within the spheres of criminal justice systems, including policing, corrections, courts, forensic science, and policy analysis and research. This two-volume set is available in both print and electronic formats.

Features:

  • Entries are authored and signed by experts in the field and conclude with references and further readings, as well as cross references to related entries that guide readers to the next steps in their research journeys.
  • A Reader's Guide groups related entries by broad topic areas and themes, making it easy for readers to quickly identify related entries.
  • A Chronology highlights the development of the field and places material into historical context; a Glossary defines key terms from the fields of law and ethics; and a Resource Guide provides lists of classic books, academic journals, websites and associations focused on criminal justice ethics.
  • Reports and statistics from such sources as the FBI, the United Nations, and the International Criminal Court are included in an appendix.
  • In the electronic version, the Reader's Guide, index, and cross references combine to provide effective search-and-browse capabilities.

The Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics provides a general, non-technical yet comprehensive resource for students who wish to understand the complexities of criminal justice ethics.

Key Themes:

  • History of Criminal Justice Ethics
  • General Criminal Justice Ethics
  • Police Ethics
  • Legal Ethics
  • Correctional Ethics
  • Criminal Justice Cases and Controversies
  • Technology, Crime, and Ethics
  • Ethics and Critical Criminology

Contents

Criminal informants

Criminal informants

Plea bargaining

Plea bargaining

Prison labor

Prison labor

Criminal Justice Ethics (journal and history of)

Criminal Justice Ethics (journal and history of)

Noble cause corruption

Noble cause corruption

Border patrol

Border patrol

Restorative Justice (theory/practice)

Restorative Justice (theory/practice)

Public Shootings (in schools, at theaters, by municipal buildings)

Public Shootings (in schools, at theaters, by municipal buildings)

Prisoner rights

Prisoner rights

Neuroscience and the criminal law

Neuroscience and the criminal law

LGBTQ communities and hate crimes

LGBTQ communities and hate crimes

Same sex marriage, civil unions, domestic partnerships, and Defense of Marriage Act

Same sex marriage, civil unions, domestic partnerships, and Defense of Marriage Act

Women in prison (mother/child separation and policy)

Women in prison (mother/child separation and policy)

Death Row

Death Row

Roper vs. Simmons (2005)

Roper vs. Simmons (2005)

Three-strikes laws (i.e., habitual felon laws)

Three-strikes laws (i.e., habitual felon laws)

Jury ethics (duties/rights)

Jury ethics (duties/rights)

Jury nullification

Jury nullification

Sex Offender Registry

Sex Offender Registry

Confessions, Coerced

Confessions, Coerced

Private prisons

Private prisons

Prosecutorial Misconduct

Prosecutorial Misconduct

Accountability

Accountability

Forgiveness

Forgiveness

Sex offenders in jails/prisons

Sex offenders in jails/prisons

Beccaria, Cesare (on crimes and punishment)

Beccaria, Cesare (on crimes and punishment)

Kant, Immanuel (deontology and self-legislation)

Kant, Immanuel (deontology and self-legislation)

Prison sexuality

Prison sexuality

Solitary Confinement

Solitary Confinement

Juvenile Detention Facilities

Juvenile Detention Facilities

Juveniles in adult jails

Juveniles in adult jails

Age of criminal responsibility

Age of criminal responsibility

Sexting (laws and crimes)

Sexting (laws and crimes)

Euthanasia

Euthanasia

At-Risk Youth

At-Risk Youth

Social Justice

Social Justice

Criminal profiling (uses/abuses)

Criminal profiling (uses/abuses)

Jury selection (science of)

Jury selection (science of)

Civil disobedience (history)

Civil disobedience (history)

Critical criminology

Critical criminology

Governmentality

Governmentality

Nietzsche, Friedrich (genealogy of morals; beyond good and evil)

Nietzsche, Friedrich (genealogy of morals; beyond good and evil)

Competency to stand trial

Competency to stand trial

Evidence

Evidence

Plain View Doctrine

Plain View Doctrine

Prosecutorial Discretion

Prosecutorial Discretion

Cyber-stalking

Cyber-stalking

D.A.R.E.

D.A.R.E.

Elder abuse

Elder abuse

Internet child pornography

Internet child pornography

Atkins vs. Virginia (2002)

Atkins vs. Virginia (2002)

Brutalization hypothesis

Brutalization hypothesis

Media and crime

Media and crime

Twitter/Facebook communications between police and citizens

Twitter/Facebook communications between police and citizens

Research Ethics and Criminal Justice

Research Ethics and Criminal Justice

Drug legalization (marijuana)

Drug legalization (marijuana)

Televised executions

Televised executions

Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV)

Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV)

Juvenile Gangs & Delinquency

Juvenile Gangs & Delinquency

Institutional Review Board

Institutional Review Board

Psychological tests in the courtroom (uses/abuses)

Psychological tests in the courtroom (uses/abuses)

Corporate Crime

Corporate Crime

Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. ____(2012)

Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. ____(2012)

War crimes

War crimes

Juvenile Sentencing

Juvenile Sentencing

Hobbes, Thomas (state of nature; social contract theory)

Hobbes, Thomas (state of nature; social contract theory)

Human rights

Human rights

Green criminology

Green criminology

War on drugs

War on drugs

Cruel and Unusual Punishment (prohibitions against)

Cruel and Unusual Punishment (prohibitions against)

Flag burning

Flag burning

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Habeas corpus

Habeas corpus

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Demonology (trial by battle/ordeal)

Demonology (trial by battle/ordeal)

Double Jeopardy

Double Jeopardy

Plato (philosopher king; tri-partite soul)

Plato (philosopher king; tri-partite soul)

Socrates (the examined life; involuntary nature of evil)

Socrates (the examined life; involuntary nature of evil)

Therapeutic Jurisprudence

Therapeutic Jurisprudence

Media in the courtroom

Media in the courtroom

Deception (uses/misuses/abuses)

Deception (uses/misuses/abuses)

Police profiling

Police profiling

Specialized court (substance abuse)

Specialized court (substance abuse)

Violence against girls/women

Violence against girls/women

Exclusionary Rule

Exclusionary Rule

Juveniles in Adult Courts

Juveniles in Adult Courts

Waiver/transfer to adult court

Waiver/transfer to adult court

Date Rape

Date Rape

Rationalizing police deviance (forms of and explanations for)

Rationalizing police deviance (forms of and explanations for)

Bentham, Jeremy (pleasure/pain and quantitative utilitarianism)

Bentham, Jeremy (pleasure/pain and quantitative utilitarianism)

Sex trafficking (internationally)

Sex trafficking (internationally)

Sexually violent (SVP) statutes

Sexually violent (SVP) statutes

Foucault, Michel (discipline & punish)

Foucault, Michel (discipline & punish)

Habermas, Jurgen (discourse ethics and communicative theory)

Habermas, Jurgen (discourse ethics and communicative theory)

Vigilantism

Vigilantism

Seductions of Crime

Seductions of Crime

Gun violence

Gun violence

Deleuze, Gilles (e.g., control society, becoming “other,” ethical revolutionary)

Deleuze, Gilles (e.g., control society, becoming “other,” ethical revolutionary)

Lacan, Jacques (e.g., master discourses, “law of the father,” jouissance)

Lacan, Jacques (e.g., master discourses, “law of the father,” jouissance)

International criminal courts

International criminal courts

Human trafficking

Human trafficking

Prostitution

Prostitution

Institutionalization

Institutionalization

Electronic monitoring devices (of offenders prior to trial; of probationers/parolees)

Electronic monitoring devices (of offenders prior to trial; of probationers/parolees)

Boot camps (adult and juvenile)

Boot camps (adult and juvenile)

Mentally ill offenders in jail/prison

Mentally ill offenders in jail/prison

Empathy

Empathy

Insanity Defense (and GBMI verdicts)

Insanity Defense (and GBMI verdicts)

Rand, Ayn (objectivist philosophy)

Rand, Ayn (objectivist philosophy)

Community policing

Community policing

CompStat Program

CompStat Program

Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993)

Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993)

Dream Act

Dream Act

Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. __ (2010)

Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. __ (2010)

Kansas vs. Hendricks (1997)

Kansas vs. Hendricks (1997)

Panopticon

Panopticon

Punishment (justifications)

Punishment (justifications)

Apartheid

Apartheid

Crimes against humanity

Crimes against humanity

Science

Science

Offender treatment

Offender treatment

Critical pedagogy (Freire, conscientization)

Critical pedagogy (Freire, conscientization)

Gender, justice, and ethics (e.g., patriarchy)

Gender, justice, and ethics (e.g., patriarchy)

Capital punishment

Capital punishment

Transitional justice

Transitional justice

Communitarianism (and civil society)

Communitarianism (and civil society)

Judicial Discretion

Judicial Discretion

Prison relationships (staff/inmate)

Prison relationships (staff/inmate)

Dirty Harry” Problem

Dirty Harry” Problem

Police corruption (types of and research on)

Police corruption (types of and research on)

911 Commission Report

911 Commission Report

USA PATRIOT Act

USA PATRIOT Act

Miranda Warnings

Miranda Warnings

Stop and Frisk

Stop and Frisk

Prison violence (e.g., riots)

Prison violence (e.g., riots)

Reno vs. ACLU (1997)

Reno vs. ACLU (1997)

Expert testimony

Expert testimony

Prison Industrial Complex (imprisonment binge)

Prison Industrial Complex (imprisonment binge)

Specialized court (domestic violence)

Specialized court (domestic violence)

Kohlberg, Lawrence (moral stages of development)

Kohlberg, Lawrence (moral stages of development)

Genocide

Genocide

United States v. Jones, (2012) (GPS and policing)

United States v. Jones, (2012) (GPS and policing)

Heidegger, Martin (being & time, care structure)

Heidegger, Martin (being & time, care structure)

Levinas, Emmanuel (otherwise than being; totality and infinity)

Levinas, Emmanuel (otherwise than being; totality and infinity)

Sartre, Jean-Paul (existentialism; bad faith)

Sartre, Jean-Paul (existentialism; bad faith)

Prison gangs

Prison gangs

Supermax” Prisons

Supermax” Prisons

Religious Convictions

Religious Convictions

Elite deviance

Elite deviance

Police value system

Police value system

Work stress and occupational burn-out (policing/corrections)

Work stress and occupational burn-out (policing/corrections)

Early Release

Early Release

Shotspotter Technology

Shotspotter Technology

Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina

Altruism

Altruism

Conscience (as internal sanction)

Conscience (as internal sanction)

Distributive justice

Distributive justice

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (criminal justice applications)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (criminal justice applications)

Harm Principle

Harm Principle

Ideology

Ideology

Specialized court (mental health)

Specialized court (mental health)

Suicide in jail/prison (adult/juvenile)

Suicide in jail/prison (adult/juvenile)

TASERS, pepper spray, and other “non-lethal” weapons

TASERS, pepper spray, and other “non-lethal” weapons

Rawls, John (a theory of justice; liberty and difference principles)

Rawls, John (a theory of justice; liberty and difference principles)

Just deserts

Just deserts

Mandatory sentencing laws

Mandatory sentencing laws

Preventive Detention

Preventive Detention

Immigration law and policy

Immigration law and policy

Vagrancy and the homeless

Vagrancy and the homeless

Contemporary ethical relativism

Contemporary ethical relativism

Decriminalization

Decriminalization

Discretion

Discretion

Intensive parole/probation supervision

Intensive parole/probation supervision

Noddings, Nel/Gilligan, Carol (care ethics, gender and moral development)

Noddings, Nel/Gilligan, Carol (care ethics, gender and moral development)

Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, The

Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, The

Selective incapacitation

Selective incapacitation

Free will

Free will

Castration of sex offenders (disablement)

Castration of sex offenders (disablement)

Aristotle (virtue ethics)

Aristotle (virtue ethics)

Neighborhood Watch

Neighborhood Watch

Victim impact statements (use/misuse/abuse)

Victim impact statements (use/misuse/abuse)

Victim-offender mediation and reconciliation programs

Victim-offender mediation and reconciliation programs

Zero Tolerance Policing

Zero Tolerance Policing

Attorneys

Attorneys

Dignity

Dignity

Sexually violent predators laws (institutional and community monitoring)

Sexually violent predators laws (institutional and community monitoring)

Alternative dispute resolution

Alternative dispute resolution

Legitimacy

Legitimacy

Newsmaking criminology

Newsmaking criminology

Reasonableness

Reasonableness

Texting-while-driving laws

Texting-while-driving laws

Thermal Imaging

Thermal Imaging

Warrants

Warrants

Custodial use of force polices

Custodial use of force polices

Legal guilt

Legal guilt

Proportionality (in law)

Proportionality (in law)

Abu Ghraib prison

Abu Ghraib prison

Deceptive Interrogation

Deceptive Interrogation

Innocence projects

Innocence projects

State/political violence

State/political violence

Cyber-pornography

Cyber-pornography

Police Hostage Negotiations

Police Hostage Negotiations

Gangs (as subcultures)

Gangs (as subcultures)

Prison abolition

Prison abolition

Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (code of ethics)

Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (code of ethics)

Blue wall of silence

Blue wall of silence

Sandel, Michael (limits of justice)

Sandel, Michael (limits of justice)

Civil Commitment

Civil Commitment

Rotten apple” phenomenon (predispositions, authoritarianism)

Rotten apple” phenomenon (predispositions, authoritarianism)

Truth-in-sentencing statutes

Truth-in-sentencing statutes

Race, justice, and ethics (e.g., racial hoaxes)

Race, justice, and ethics (e.g., racial hoaxes)

Problem-Oriented Policing

Problem-Oriented Policing

Surveillance policing (crime mapping, GIS, GPS Monitoring & Location Based Data)

Surveillance policing (crime mapping, GIS, GPS Monitoring & Location Based Data)

Surveillance policing (video and audio surveillance)

Surveillance policing (video and audio surveillance)

Smith vs. Doe (2003)

Smith vs. Doe (2003)

Drones, Flying (police use of)

Drones, Flying (police use of)

Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism

Mala in se and Mala prohibitum

Mala in se and Mala prohibitum

Bail

Bail

Codes of Conduct, Police (International/Federal/State)

Codes of Conduct, Police (International/Federal/State)

Rehabilitation (theory/practice)

Rehabilitation (theory/practice)

Determinate and indeterminate sentencing

Determinate and indeterminate sentencing

Deterrence (theory/practice)

Deterrence (theory/practice)

Sentencing Disparities (ethnic & socioeconomic)

Sentencing Disparities (ethnic & socioeconomic)

Forensic Science, Ethics in

Forensic Science, Ethics in

Social Media (as evidence)

Social Media (as evidence)

Ethical absolutism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical absolutism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical pragmatism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical pragmatism (definition, CJ applications)

Marx, Karl (biology, social evolution, and crime’s elimination)

Marx, Karl (biology, social evolution, and crime’s elimination)

Prisoners’ dilemma”

Prisoners’ dilemma”

Prison overcrowding

Prison overcrowding

Wrongful imprisonment (and detention)

Wrongful imprisonment (and detention)

Drug Enforcement

Drug Enforcement

Battered women’s syndrome (and defense)

Battered women’s syndrome (and defense)

Cultural criminology

Cultural criminology

Florida v. Powell, 559 U.S. ____ (2010)

Florida v. Powell, 559 U.S. ____ (2010)

United States vs. Tobias (1981)

United States vs. Tobias (1981)

Virginia vs. Black (2003)

Virginia vs. Black (2003)

Wisconsin vs. Mitchell (1993)

Wisconsin vs. Mitchell (1993)

Mill, John Stuart (degrees of goodness and qualitative utilitarianism)

Mill, John Stuart (degrees of goodness and qualitative utilitarianism)

Competency restoration and state execution

Competency restoration and state execution

Involuntary outpatient commitment

Involuntary outpatient commitment

Judicial misconduct (process for senior judges to review and discipline lower court or junior judges

Judicial misconduct (process for senior judges to review and discipline lower court or junior judges

Abortion

Abortion

Amnesty International

Amnesty International

Petit apartheid

Petit apartheid

Shaming Penalties

Shaming Penalties

Cyber-terrorism

Cyber-terrorism

Criminal responsibility

Criminal responsibility

Social control (forms of; theory/practice)

Social control (forms of; theory/practice)

Due Process Rights of Prisoners

Due Process Rights of Prisoners

Hegemony

Hegemony

Peace-making and non-violence (theory/practice)

Peace-making and non-violence (theory/practice)

Prison Unions

Prison Unions

Use-of-force policies

Use-of-force policies

Ethical universalism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical universalism (definition, CJ applications)

Legal moralism

Legal moralism

MacIntyre, Alasdair (after virtue)

MacIntyre, Alasdair (after virtue)

Paternalism

Paternalism

Sustainability, justice, and ethics

Sustainability, justice, and ethics

Values (intrinsic versus instrumental)

Values (intrinsic versus instrumental)

Anti-terrorism and counter-terrorism

Anti-terrorism and counter-terrorism

The Rule of Law

The Rule of Law

Choice and action (actus reus)

Choice and action (actus reus)

Cyber-bullying

Cyber-bullying

Clemency

Clemency

Ethical minimalism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical minimalism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical objectivism (definition, CJ applications)

Ethical objectivism (definition, CJ applications)

Digital evidence and crime scene investigation

Digital evidence and crime scene investigation

Crime (definitions of)

Crime (definitions of)

Suicide by cop

Suicide by cop

New Jim Crow, The

New Jim Crow, The

Prison corruption (e.g., underground economy)

Prison corruption (e.g., underground economy)

Digital crime and security (e.g., identity theft, computer crimes)

Digital crime and security (e.g., identity theft, computer crimes)

Identity

Identity

Hate speech and civil rights

Hate speech and civil rights

Pornography

Pornography

Justifications in law (e.g., necessity/self defense)

Justifications in law (e.g., necessity/self defense)

Excuses in law (e.g., age, mental disability)

Excuses in law (e.g., age, mental disability)

Sports and crime (e.g., the Sandusky trial and Penn State scandal)

Sports and crime (e.g., the Sandusky trial and Penn State scandal)

Judicial corruption

Judicial corruption

Rights (under the law)

Rights (under the law)

Natural law (definition, CJ applications)

Natural law (definition, CJ applications)

Reification

Reification

DUI Penalties

DUI Penalties

White-collar crime (not corporate)

White-collar crime (not corporate)

Vice (definitions /forms of)

Vice (definitions /forms of)

Animal rights, welfare, and abuse

Animal rights, welfare, and abuse

High-profile cases (the ethics of “justice for sale”)

High-profile cases (the ethics of “justice for sale”)

Divine Command Theory

Divine Command Theory

Duress (and coercion)

Duress (and coercion)

Class, justice, and ethics (e.g., scarcity, stratification and inequality)

Class, justice, and ethics (e.g., scarcity, stratification and inequality)

Hedonism (definition, CJ applications)

Hedonism (definition, CJ applications)

Predictive Policing

Predictive Policing

Egoism and self-interest (ethical)

Egoism and self-interest (ethical)

Harms of reduction/repression

Harms of reduction/repression

Wire Tapping

Wire Tapping

U.S. v. Mitchell, 652 F.3d 387 (3d Cir. 2011)

U.S. v. Mitchell, 652 F.3d 387 (3d Cir. 2011)

Commensense Justice

Commensense Justice

Determinism (internal/external, CJ applications)

Determinism (internal/external, CJ applications)

Intellectual Property Rights

Intellectual Property Rights

Positive law (definition, CJ applications)

Positive law (definition, CJ applications)

Ross, William David (prima facie duties)

Ross, William David (prima facie duties)

Discrimination

Discrimination

Mechanical and physical restraints

Mechanical and physical restraints

Psychological Jurisprudence (theory/method/practice)

Psychological Jurisprudence (theory/method/practice)

Causality

Causality

Culture

Culture

Citizenship

Citizenship

Globalization

Globalization

Right to treatment/Right to refuse treatment

Right to treatment/Right to refuse treatment

Victim impact statements, rights, and restitution

Victim impact statements, rights, and restitution

Police Robots

Police Robots

Politics

Politics

Victims’ Bill of Rights (and assistance programs)

Victims’ Bill of Rights (and assistance programs)

Ethics and Military Courts

Ethics and Military Courts

Entrapment

Entrapment

Child abuse (and neglect)

Child abuse (and neglect)

Intention (phenomenology, mens rea)

Intention (phenomenology, mens rea)

Violence risk assessment

Violence risk assessment

Power

Power

Hypnosis and recovered memory testimony

Hypnosis and recovered memory testimony

Undercover operations

Undercover operations

Conscientious objection (to police/correctional practices)

Conscientious objection (to police/correctional practices)

Risk society politics

Risk society politics

Authority (institutional, corruption of)

Authority (institutional, corruption of)

Arrest Practices

Arrest Practices

Polygraphs

Polygraphs

Volition

Volition

Biometrics & Identification

Biometrics & Identification

Wireless Networking

Wireless Networking

Pariah underground economy

Pariah underground economy

Post-colonialism

Post-colonialism

Codes of Conduct, Legal (International/Federal/State)

Codes of Conduct, Legal (International/Federal/State)

Computer Matching Technology

Computer Matching Technology

Simulated Justice (e.g., telemetric policing)

Simulated Justice (e.g., telemetric policing)

Codes of Conduct, Corrections (International/Federal/State)

Codes of Conduct, Corrections (International/Federal/State)

Internal Review Practices

Internal Review Practices

Malfeasance, nonfeasance, misfeasance

Malfeasance, nonfeasance, misfeasance

Institutional morality

Institutional morality

Radio Frequency Identification Technology (applications)

Radio Frequency Identification Technology (applications)

Wireless Communications

Wireless Communications

Corporate violence (e.g., health and pharmaceutical industries)

Corporate violence (e.g., health and pharmaceutical industries)

Ultramodern criminology (philosophy of)

Ultramodern criminology (philosophy of)

Gambling

Gambling

Critical incidents de-briefing

Critical incidents de-briefing

Convict Criminology and Convict Higher Education

Convict Criminology and Convict Higher Education

Walzer, Michael (spheres of justice; just and unjust wars; thick and thin)

Walzer, Michael (spheres of justice; just and unjust wars; thick and thin)

Community

Community

American Civil Liberties Union

American Civil Liberties Union

DNA lab accountability

DNA lab accountability

Eyewitness testimony

Eyewitness testimony

Police-citizen interaction (as trust, as suspicion)

Police-citizen interaction (as trust, as suspicion)

Torture

Torture

Maximum Security Forensic Hospitals

Maximum Security Forensic Hospitals

Collateral Consequences: Felony Conviction

Collateral Consequences: Felony Conviction

Choice and action (actus reus)

Choice and action (actus reus)

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (relational ethics; embodied care)

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (relational ethics; embodied care)

Knowledge

Knowledge

Sodomy laws

Sodomy laws

Education, continuing legal

Education, continuing legal

Law versus morality

Law versus morality

Deviance

Deviance

Retribution (theory/practice)

Retribution (theory/practice)

Virtue (definition/forms of)

Virtue (definition/forms of)

Parens patriae

Parens patriae

Incapacitation (theory/practice)

Incapacitation (theory/practice)

Public Policy

Public Policy

Synopticon

Synopticon

Egoism and self-interest (psychological)

Egoism and self-interest (psychological)

Offensive conduct

Offensive conduct

Guilt (as internal sanction)

Guilt (as internal sanction)

Duties (types of)

Duties (types of)

Collective efficacy and crime

Collective efficacy and crime

Imprisonment disparities (race and class dynamics)

Imprisonment disparities (race and class dynamics)

Convict criminology

Convict criminology

Sting Operations

Sting Operations

SAGE Publishing Logo

Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics


August 2014 | 1216 pages | Sage US

Format Published Date ISBN Price
Hardcover 11/10/2019 9781452274119 $450.00
Lifetime 25/10/2022 9781483389790 $360.00
180 Day Ebook 25/10/2022 9781483389790 $248.00

Federal, state, county, and municipal police forces all have their own codes of conduct, yet the ethics of being a police officer remain perplexing and are often difficult to apply in dynamic situations. The police misconduct statistics are staggering and indicate that excessive use of force comprises almost a quarter of misconduct cases, with sexual harassment, fraud/theft, and false arrest being the next most prevalent factors. The ethical issues and dilemmas in criminal justice also reach deep into the legal professions, the structure and administration of justice in society, and the personal characteristics of those in the criminal justice professions.

The Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics includes A to Z entries by experts in the field that explore the scope of ethical decision making and behaviors within the spheres of criminal justice systems, including policing, corrections, courts, forensic science, and policy analysis and research. This two-volume set is available in both print and electronic formats.

Features:

  • Entries are authored and signed by experts in the field and conclude with references and further readings, as well as cross references to related entries that guide readers to the next steps in their research journeys.
  • A Reader's Guide groups related entries by broad topic areas and themes, making it easy for readers to quickly identify related entries.
  • A Chronology highlights the development of the field and places material into historical context; a Glossary defines key terms from the fields of law and ethics; and a Resource Guide provides lists of classic books, academic journals, websites and associations focused on criminal justice ethics.
  • Reports and statistics from such sources as the FBI, the United Nations, and the International Criminal Court are included in an appendix.
  • In the electronic version, the Reader's Guide, index, and cross references combine to provide effective search-and-browse capabilities.

The Encyclopedia of Criminal Justice Ethics provides a general, non-technical yet comprehensive resource for students who wish to understand the complexities of criminal justice ethics.

Key Themes:

  • History of Criminal Justice Ethics
  • General Criminal Justice Ethics
  • Police Ethics
  • Legal Ethics
  • Correctional Ethics
  • Criminal Justice Cases and Controversies
  • Technology, Crime, and Ethics
  • Ethics and Critical Criminology

Table Of Contents:

  • Criminal informants
  • Plea bargaining
  • Prison labor
  • Criminal Justice Ethics (journal and history of)
  • Noble cause corruption
  • Border patrol
  • Restorative Justice (theory/practice)
  • Public Shootings (in schools, at theaters, by municipal buildings)
  • Prisoner rights
  • Neuroscience and the criminal law
  • LGBTQ communities and hate crimes
  • Same sex marriage, civil unions, domestic partnerships, and Defense of Marriage Act
  • Women in prison (mother/child separation and policy)
  • Death Row
  • Roper vs. Simmons (2005)
  • Three-strikes laws (i.e., habitual felon laws)
  • Jury ethics (duties/rights)
  • Jury nullification
  • Sex Offender Registry
  • Confessions, Coerced
  • Private prisons
  • Prosecutorial Misconduct
  • Accountability
  • Forgiveness
  • Sex offenders in jails/prisons
  • Beccaria, Cesare (on crimes and punishment)
  • Kant, Immanuel (deontology and self-legislation)
  • Prison sexuality
  • Solitary Confinement
  • Juvenile Detention Facilities
  • Juveniles in adult jails
  • Age of criminal responsibility
  • Sexting (laws and crimes)
  • Euthanasia
  • At-Risk Youth
  • Social Justice
  • Criminal profiling (uses/abuses)
  • Jury selection (science of)
  • Civil disobedience (history)
  • Critical criminology
  • Governmentality
  • Nietzsche, Friedrich (genealogy of morals; beyond good and evil)
  • Competency to stand trial
  • Evidence
  • Plain View Doctrine
  • Prosecutorial Discretion
  • Cyber-stalking
  • D.A.R.E.
  • Elder abuse
  • Internet child pornography
  • Atkins vs. Virginia (2002)
  • Brutalization hypothesis
  • Media and crime
  • Twitter/Facebook communications between police and citizens
  • Research Ethics and Criminal Justice
  • Drug legalization (marijuana)
  • Televised executions
  • Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV)
  • Juvenile Gangs & Delinquency
  • Institutional Review Board
  • Psychological tests in the courtroom (uses/abuses)
  • Corporate Crime
  • Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. ____(2012)
  • War crimes
  • Juvenile Sentencing
  • Hobbes, Thomas (state of nature; social contract theory)
  • Human rights
  • Green criminology
  • War on drugs
  • Cruel and Unusual Punishment (prohibitions against)
  • Flag burning
  • Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
  • Habeas corpus
  • Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
  • Demonology (trial by battle/ordeal)
  • Double Jeopardy
  • Plato (philosopher king; tri-partite soul)
  • Socrates (the examined life; involuntary nature of evil)
  • Therapeutic Jurisprudence
  • Media in the courtroom
  • Deception (uses/misuses/abuses)
  • Police profiling
  • Specialized court (substance abuse)
  • Violence against girls/women
  • Exclusionary Rule
  • Juveniles in Adult Courts
  • Waiver/transfer to adult court
  • Date Rape
  • Rationalizing police deviance (forms of and explanations for)
  • Bentham, Jeremy (pleasure/pain and quantitative utilitarianism)
  • Sex trafficking (internationally)
  • Sexually violent (SVP) statutes
  • Foucault, Michel (discipline & punish)
  • Habermas, Jurgen (discourse ethics and communicative theory)
  • Vigilantism
  • Seductions of Crime
  • Gun violence
  • Deleuze, Gilles (e.g., control society, becoming “other,” ethical revolutionary)
  • Lacan, Jacques (e.g., master discourses, “law of the father,” jouissance)
  • International criminal courts
  • Human trafficking
  • Prostitution
  • Institutionalization
  • Electronic monitoring devices (of offenders prior to trial; of probationers/parolees)
  • Boot camps (adult and juvenile)
  • Mentally ill offenders in jail/prison
  • Empathy
  • Insanity Defense (and GBMI verdicts)
  • Rand, Ayn (objectivist philosophy)
  • Community policing
  • CompStat Program
  • Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993)
  • Dream Act
  • Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. __ (2010)
  • Kansas vs. Hendricks (1997)
  • Panopticon
  • Punishment (justifications)
  • Apartheid
  • Crimes against humanity
  • Science
  • Offender treatment
  • Critical pedagogy (Freire, conscientization)
  • Gender, justice, and ethics (e.g., patriarchy)
  • Capital punishment
  • Transitional justice
  • Communitarianism (and civil society)
  • Judicial Discretion
  • Prison relationships (staff/inmate)
  • Dirty Harry” Problem
  • Police corruption (types of and research on)
  • 911 Commission Report
  • USA PATRIOT Act
  • Miranda Warnings
  • Stop and Frisk
  • Prison violence (e.g., riots)
  • Reno vs. ACLU (1997)
  • Expert testimony
  • Prison Industrial Complex (imprisonment binge)
  • Specialized court (domestic violence)
  • Kohlberg, Lawrence (moral stages of development)
  • Genocide
  • United States v. Jones, (2012) (GPS and policing)
  • Heidegger, Martin (being & time, care structure)
  • Levinas, Emmanuel (otherwise than being; totality and infinity)
  • Sartre, Jean-Paul (existentialism; bad faith)
  • Prison gangs
  • Supermax” Prisons
  • Religious Convictions
  • Elite deviance
  • Police value system
  • Work stress and occupational burn-out (policing/corrections)
  • Early Release
  • Shotspotter Technology
  • Hurricane Katrina
  • Altruism
  • Conscience (as internal sanction)
  • Distributive justice
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (criminal justice applications)
  • Harm Principle
  • Ideology
  • Specialized court (mental health)
  • Suicide in jail/prison (adult/juvenile)
  • TASERS, pepper spray, and other “non-lethal” weapons
  • Rawls, John (a theory of justice; liberty and difference principles)
  • Just deserts
  • Mandatory sentencing laws
  • Preventive Detention
  • Immigration law and policy
  • Vagrancy and the homeless
  • Contemporary ethical relativism
  • Decriminalization
  • Discretion
  • Intensive parole/probation supervision
  • Noddings, Nel/Gilligan, Carol (care ethics, gender and moral development)
  • Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, The
  • Selective incapacitation
  • Free will
  • Castration of sex offenders (disablement)
  • Aristotle (virtue ethics)
  • Neighborhood Watch
  • Victim impact statements (use/misuse/abuse)
  • Victim-offender mediation and reconciliation programs
  • Zero Tolerance Policing
  • Attorneys
  • Dignity
  • Sexually violent predators laws (institutional and community monitoring)
  • Alternative dispute resolution
  • Legitimacy
  • Newsmaking criminology
  • Reasonableness
  • Texting-while-driving laws
  • Thermal Imaging
  • Warrants
  • Custodial use of force polices
  • Legal guilt
  • Proportionality (in law)
  • Abu Ghraib prison
  • Deceptive Interrogation
  • Innocence projects
  • State/political violence
  • Cyber-pornography
  • Police Hostage Negotiations
  • Gangs (as subcultures)
  • Prison abolition
  • Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (code of ethics)
  • Blue wall of silence
  • Sandel, Michael (limits of justice)
  • Civil Commitment
  • Rotten apple” phenomenon (predispositions, authoritarianism)
  • Truth-in-sentencing statutes
  • Race, justice, and ethics (e.g., racial hoaxes)
  • Problem-Oriented Policing
  • Surveillance policing (crime mapping, GIS, GPS Monitoring & Location Based Data)
  • Surveillance policing (video and audio surveillance)
  • Smith vs. Doe (2003)
  • Drones, Flying (police use of)
  • Ethnocentrism
  • Mala in se and Mala prohibitum
  • Bail
  • Codes of Conduct, Police (International/Federal/State)
  • Rehabilitation (theory/practice)
  • Determinate and indeterminate sentencing
  • Deterrence (theory/practice)
  • Sentencing Disparities (ethnic & socioeconomic)
  • Forensic Science, Ethics in
  • Social Media (as evidence)
  • Ethical absolutism (definition, CJ applications)
  • Ethical pragmatism (definition, CJ applications)
  • Marx, Karl (biology, social evolution, and crime’s elimination)
  • Prisoners’ dilemma”
  • Prison overcrowding
  • Wrongful imprisonment (and detention)
  • Drug Enforcement
  • Battered women’s syndrome (and defense)
  • Cultural criminology
  • Florida v. Powell, 559 U.S. ____ (2010)
  • United States vs. Tobias (1981)
  • Virginia vs. Black (2003)
  • Wisconsin vs. Mitchell (1993)
  • Mill, John Stuart (degrees of goodness and qualitative utilitarianism)
  • Competency restoration and state execution
  • Involuntary outpatient commitment
  • Judicial misconduct (process for senior judges to review and discipline lower court or junior judges
  • Abortion
  • Amnesty International
  • Petit apartheid
  • Shaming Penalties
  • Cyber-terrorism
  • Criminal responsibility
  • Social control (forms of; theory/practice)
  • Due Process Rights of Prisoners
  • Hegemony
  • Peace-making and non-violence (theory/practice)
  • Prison Unions
  • Use-of-force policies
  • Ethical universalism (definition, CJ applications)
  • Legal moralism
  • MacIntyre, Alasdair (after virtue)
  • Paternalism
  • Sustainability, justice, and ethics
  • Values (intrinsic versus instrumental)
  • Anti-terrorism and counter-terrorism
  • The Rule of Law
  • Choice and action (actus reus)
  • Cyber-bullying
  • Clemency
  • Ethical minimalism (definition, CJ applications)
  • Ethical objectivism (definition, CJ applications)
  • Digital evidence and crime scene investigation
  • Crime (definitions of)
  • Suicide by cop
  • New Jim Crow, The
  • Prison corruption (e.g., underground economy)
  • Digital crime and security (e.g., identity theft, computer crimes)
  • Identity
  • Hate speech and civil rights
  • Pornography
  • Justifications in law (e.g., necessity/self defense)
  • Excuses in law (e.g., age, mental disability)
  • Sports and crime (e.g., the Sandusky trial and Penn State scandal)
  • Judicial corruption
  • Rights (under the law)
  • Natural law (definition, CJ applications)
  • Reification
  • DUI Penalties
  • White-collar crime (not corporate)
  • Vice (definitions /forms of)
  • Animal rights, welfare, and abuse
  • High-profile cases (the ethics of “justice for sale”)
  • Divine Command Theory
  • Duress (and coercion)
  • Class, justice, and ethics (e.g., scarcity, stratification and inequality)
  • Hedonism (definition, CJ applications)
  • Predictive Policing
  • Egoism and self-interest (ethical)
  • Harms of reduction/repression
  • Wire Tapping
  • U.S. v. Mitchell, 652 F.3d 387 (3d Cir. 2011)
  • Commensense Justice
  • Determinism (internal/external, CJ applications)
  • Intellectual Property Rights
  • Positive law (definition, CJ applications)
  • Ross, William David (prima facie duties)
  • Discrimination
  • Mechanical and physical restraints
  • Psychological Jurisprudence (theory/method/practice)
  • Causality
  • Culture
  • Citizenship
  • Globalization
  • Right to treatment/Right to refuse treatment
  • Victim impact statements, rights, and restitution
  • Police Robots
  • Politics
  • Victims’ Bill of Rights (and assistance programs)
  • Ethics and Military Courts
  • Entrapment
  • Child abuse (and neglect)
  • Intention (phenomenology, mens rea)
  • Violence risk assessment
  • Power
  • Hypnosis and recovered memory testimony
  • Undercover operations
  • Conscientious objection (to police/correctional practices)
  • Risk society politics
  • Authority (institutional, corruption of)
  • Arrest Practices
  • Polygraphs
  • Volition
  • Biometrics & Identification
  • Wireless Networking
  • Pariah underground economy
  • Post-colonialism
  • Codes of Conduct, Legal (International/Federal/State)
  • Computer Matching Technology
  • Simulated Justice (e.g., telemetric policing)
  • Codes of Conduct, Corrections (International/Federal/State)
  • Internal Review Practices
  • Malfeasance, nonfeasance, misfeasance
  • Institutional morality
  • Radio Frequency Identification Technology (applications)
  • Wireless Communications
  • Corporate violence (e.g., health and pharmaceutical industries)
  • Ultramodern criminology (philosophy of)
  • Gambling
  • Critical incidents de-briefing
  • Convict Criminology and Convict Higher Education
  • Walzer, Michael (spheres of justice; just and unjust wars; thick and thin)
  • Community
  • American Civil Liberties Union
  • DNA lab accountability
  • Eyewitness testimony
  • Police-citizen interaction (as trust, as suspicion)
  • Torture
  • Maximum Security Forensic Hospitals
  • Collateral Consequences: Felony Conviction
  • Choice and action (actus reus)
  • Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (relational ethics; embodied care)
  • Knowledge
  • Sodomy laws
  • Education, continuing legal
  • Law versus morality
  • Deviance
  • Retribution (theory/practice)
  • Virtue (definition/forms of)
  • Parens patriae
  • Incapacitation (theory/practice)
  • Public Policy
  • Synopticon
  • Egoism and self-interest (psychological)
  • Offensive conduct
  • Guilt (as internal sanction)
  • Duties (types of)
  • Collective efficacy and crime
  • Imprisonment disparities (race and class dynamics)
  • Convict criminology
  • Sting Operations

Recent Product Reviews:

“Organized along the same clean lines as a number of other SAGE encyclopedias published recently, this set (also available online) provides much useful information on an important topic often in the news. It is highly recommended for academic and major public libraries; other libraries... should consider it as well."
M. Schumacher

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