Evaluating America’s Teachers

Mission Possible?
W. James Popham - University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Evaluating America’s Teachers
April 2013 | 200 pages | Corwin
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ISBN: 9781452260853
Available from January 0001

Description

When teacher evaluations are fair, everyone wins.

Poor evaluation systems don’t just hurt teachers—they hurt students, too. That’s why America can’t afford to wait for the teacher-evaluation problem to be solved. To provide balanced, accurate, and rigorous evaluations that take into account each teacher’s particular circumstances, only one system can work: evidence-governed collegial judgment.

As states and schools scramble to find workable responses to accountability mandates, well-informed educators can make key contributions. Start here with

  • A discussion of common evaluation systems, including testing, value-added models, and observations
  • Analysis of federal guidelines and state responses
  • Action steps teachers and school leaders can take to influence policy
  • A clear rationale and strategies for implementing a teacher evaluation model based on human judgment

Evaluating America’s Teachers demonstrates that the vision is possible: effective teacher evaluations that benefit schools as a whole.

“Teachers, administrators, and policy makers rejoice! Here is a single book, from a nationally recognized scholar, that makes sense of the issues involved with the evaluation of teachers.”
—David C. Berliner, Regents’ Professor Emeritus
Arizona State University

“Once again Jim Popham has brought insight and clarity to a complex topic that only a person of his stature and expertise could provide.”
—Robert J. Marzano, CEO
Marzano Research Laboratory

“In an effective and diplomatic manner, Jim suggests concrete ways policymakers, along with local school leaders and teachers, can make sure our students are protected from summative teacher-evaluation systems that do more harm than good. No one should make policy at any level or strive to build a defensible teacher evaluation system without studying this book.”
—Rick Stiggins, Retired Executive Director
Assessment Training Institute

Contents

Preface

Preface

Acknowledgments

  • 1. What Underlies the Tightening of Today's Teacher-Evaluation Programs?
  • What Uncle Sam Wants
  • A Federal Vision of Teacher Evaluation
  • What Could Go Wrong?
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 2. Human Judgment: Needed or Not?
  • Human Judgment's Role
  • Evaluation Basics
  • What about the Evaluation of Teachers?
  • Judgment-Requisite Choices
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 3. Defensible Teacher Evaluation
  • The Wonders of Whereas
  • Why Use a Weighted-Evidence Judgmental Approach to Teacher Evaluation?
  • A Weighted-Evidence Judgment Evaluative Survey
  • Who Are the Judges?
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 4. Evidence from Standardized Tests
  • Key Testing Tenets
  • Why We Test
  • A Psychometric Blessed Trinity
  • Standardized Test- Two Tribes, Two Tasks
  • Traditional Test-Building and Its Off-Task Allure
  • The Origins of Traditional Educational Testing
  • Dealing with Effective Instruction
  • Ensuring Score-Spread from the Get-Go
  • Instructional Sensitivity as a Requisite
  • Returning to Validity
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 5. Evidence from Classroom Assessments
  • Staking Out the Nature of "Classroom Assessment"
  • A Quest for Evidence of Student Growth
  • Formative and Summative Applications
  • Enhancing the Quality of Classroom-Assessment Evidence
  • Evidence of a Teacher's Instructional Ability
  • What's Assessed
  • The Traditional Psychometric Triplets
  • Following Test Development, Improvement, and Scoring Rules
  • Have Teachers Played it Straight?
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 6. Evidence from Classroom Observations
  • What's Distinctive about Classroom Observations?
  • Observations Versus Ratings
  • Playing the Odds: Observation of Instructional Means
  • An Observational Reality: The Mysterious Middle Group
  • Getting the Most Evaluative Mileage Out of Classroom Observation Evidence
  • Two Widely-Used Observation Procedures
  • Danielson's Framework for Teaching
  • The Marzano Model
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 7. Evidence from Ratings
  • Rooting Around with Ratings
  • Lurking Comparisons
  • Amalgam Judgments
  • Three Flavors of Bias
  • Administrators' Ratings
  • Students' Ratings
  • Making Ratings Righteous
  • The Rating Form
  • Rater Preparation
  • The Old and the New
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 8. Evidence from Sundry Sources
  • Alternative Sources of Evidence for Evaluating Teachers
  • Academic Achievements
  • Changes in Students' Affect
  • Lesson Plans
  • Opportunity-to-Learn Student Surveys
  • Parental Engagement
  • Parent Ratings
  • Professional Development
  • Ratings by Colleagues
  • Student Interviews
  • Teacher-Made Tests
  • Teachers' Self-Ratings
  • Augmentation or Obfuscation?
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 9. Mission Possible?
  • Weighted-Evidence Judgment of Teachers: A Reprise
  • What To Do- And How?
  • Chapter Imlpications for Three Audiences
  • Responding to a Subtitle

Index

Index

Description

When teacher evaluations are fair, everyone wins.

Poor evaluation systems don’t just hurt teachers—they hurt students, too. That’s why America can’t afford to wait for the teacher-evaluation problem to be solved. To provide balanced, accurate, and rigorous evaluations that take into account each teacher’s particular circumstances, only one system can work: evidence-governed collegial judgment.

As states and schools scramble to find workable responses to accountability mandates, well-informed educators can make key contributions. Start here with

  • A discussion of common evaluation systems, including testing, value-added models, and observations
  • Analysis of federal guidelines and state responses
  • Action steps teachers and school leaders can take to influence policy
  • A clear rationale and strategies for implementing a teacher evaluation model based on human judgment

Evaluating America’s Teachers demonstrates that the vision is possible: effective teacher evaluations that benefit schools as a whole.

“Teachers, administrators, and policy makers rejoice! Here is a single book, from a nationally recognized scholar, that makes sense of the issues involved with the evaluation of teachers.”
—David C. Berliner, Regents’ Professor Emeritus
Arizona State University

“Once again Jim Popham has brought insight and clarity to a complex topic that only a person of his stature and expertise could provide.”
—Robert J. Marzano, CEO
Marzano Research Laboratory

“In an effective and diplomatic manner, Jim suggests concrete ways policymakers, along with local school leaders and teachers, can make sure our students are protected from summative teacher-evaluation systems that do more harm than good. No one should make policy at any level or strive to build a defensible teacher evaluation system without studying this book.”
—Rick Stiggins, Retired Executive Director
Assessment Training Institute

Contents

Preface

Preface

Acknowledgments

  • 1. What Underlies the Tightening of Today's Teacher-Evaluation Programs?
  • What Uncle Sam Wants
  • A Federal Vision of Teacher Evaluation
  • What Could Go Wrong?
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 2. Human Judgment: Needed or Not?
  • Human Judgment's Role
  • Evaluation Basics
  • What about the Evaluation of Teachers?
  • Judgment-Requisite Choices
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 3. Defensible Teacher Evaluation
  • The Wonders of Whereas
  • Why Use a Weighted-Evidence Judgmental Approach to Teacher Evaluation?
  • A Weighted-Evidence Judgment Evaluative Survey
  • Who Are the Judges?
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 4. Evidence from Standardized Tests
  • Key Testing Tenets
  • Why We Test
  • A Psychometric Blessed Trinity
  • Standardized Test- Two Tribes, Two Tasks
  • Traditional Test-Building and Its Off-Task Allure
  • The Origins of Traditional Educational Testing
  • Dealing with Effective Instruction
  • Ensuring Score-Spread from the Get-Go
  • Instructional Sensitivity as a Requisite
  • Returning to Validity
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 5. Evidence from Classroom Assessments
  • Staking Out the Nature of "Classroom Assessment"
  • A Quest for Evidence of Student Growth
  • Formative and Summative Applications
  • Enhancing the Quality of Classroom-Assessment Evidence
  • Evidence of a Teacher's Instructional Ability
  • What's Assessed
  • The Traditional Psychometric Triplets
  • Following Test Development, Improvement, and Scoring Rules
  • Have Teachers Played it Straight?
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 6. Evidence from Classroom Observations
  • What's Distinctive about Classroom Observations?
  • Observations Versus Ratings
  • Playing the Odds: Observation of Instructional Means
  • An Observational Reality: The Mysterious Middle Group
  • Getting the Most Evaluative Mileage Out of Classroom Observation Evidence
  • Two Widely-Used Observation Procedures
  • Danielson's Framework for Teaching
  • The Marzano Model
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 7. Evidence from Ratings
  • Rooting Around with Ratings
  • Lurking Comparisons
  • Amalgam Judgments
  • Three Flavors of Bias
  • Administrators' Ratings
  • Students' Ratings
  • Making Ratings Righteous
  • The Rating Form
  • Rater Preparation
  • The Old and the New
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 8. Evidence from Sundry Sources
  • Alternative Sources of Evidence for Evaluating Teachers
  • Academic Achievements
  • Changes in Students' Affect
  • Lesson Plans
  • Opportunity-to-Learn Student Surveys
  • Parental Engagement
  • Parent Ratings
  • Professional Development
  • Ratings by Colleagues
  • Student Interviews
  • Teacher-Made Tests
  • Teachers' Self-Ratings
  • Augmentation or Obfuscation?
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 9. Mission Possible?
  • Weighted-Evidence Judgment of Teachers: A Reprise
  • What To Do- And How?
  • Chapter Imlpications for Three Audiences
  • Responding to a Subtitle

Index

Index

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Evaluating America’s Teachers

Mission Possible?


April 2013 | 200 pages | Corwin

Format Published Date ISBN Price
Paperback 01/02/2026 9781452260853 $37.95

When teacher evaluations are fair, everyone wins.

Poor evaluation systems don’t just hurt teachers—they hurt students, too. That’s why America can’t afford to wait for the teacher-evaluation problem to be solved. To provide balanced, accurate, and rigorous evaluations that take into account each teacher’s particular circumstances, only one system can work: evidence-governed collegial judgment.

As states and schools scramble to find workable responses to accountability mandates, well-informed educators can make key contributions. Start here with

  • A discussion of common evaluation systems, including testing, value-added models, and observations
  • Analysis of federal guidelines and state responses
  • Action steps teachers and school leaders can take to influence policy
  • A clear rationale and strategies for implementing a teacher evaluation model based on human judgment

Evaluating America’s Teachers demonstrates that the vision is possible: effective teacher evaluations that benefit schools as a whole.

“Teachers, administrators, and policy makers rejoice! Here is a single book, from a nationally recognized scholar, that makes sense of the issues involved with the evaluation of teachers.”
—David C. Berliner, Regents’ Professor Emeritus
Arizona State University

“Once again Jim Popham has brought insight and clarity to a complex topic that only a person of his stature and expertise could provide.”
—Robert J. Marzano, CEO
Marzano Research Laboratory

“In an effective and diplomatic manner, Jim suggests concrete ways policymakers, along with local school leaders and teachers, can make sure our students are protected from summative teacher-evaluation systems that do more harm than good. No one should make policy at any level or strive to build a defensible teacher evaluation system without studying this book.”
—Rick Stiggins, Retired Executive Director
Assessment Training Institute


Table Of Contents:

  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • 1. What Underlies the Tightening of Today's Teacher-Evaluation Programs?
  • What Uncle Sam Wants
  • A Federal Vision of Teacher Evaluation
  • What Could Go Wrong?
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 2. Human Judgment: Needed or Not?
  • Human Judgment's Role
  • Evaluation Basics
  • What about the Evaluation of Teachers?
  • Judgment-Requisite Choices
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 3. Defensible Teacher Evaluation
  • The Wonders of Whereas
  • Why Use a Weighted-Evidence Judgmental Approach to Teacher Evaluation?
  • A Weighted-Evidence Judgment Evaluative Survey
  • Who Are the Judges?
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 4. Evidence from Standardized Tests
  • Key Testing Tenets
  • Why We Test
  • A Psychometric Blessed Trinity
  • Standardized Test- Two Tribes, Two Tasks
  • Traditional Test-Building and Its Off-Task Allure
  • The Origins of Traditional Educational Testing
  • Dealing with Effective Instruction
  • Ensuring Score-Spread from the Get-Go
  • Instructional Sensitivity as a Requisite
  • Returning to Validity
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 5. Evidence from Classroom Assessments
  • Staking Out the Nature of "Classroom Assessment"
  • A Quest for Evidence of Student Growth
  • Formative and Summative Applications
  • Enhancing the Quality of Classroom-Assessment Evidence
  • Evidence of a Teacher's Instructional Ability
  • What's Assessed
  • The Traditional Psychometric Triplets
  • Following Test Development, Improvement, and Scoring Rules
  • Have Teachers Played it Straight?
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 6. Evidence from Classroom Observations
  • What's Distinctive about Classroom Observations?
  • Observations Versus Ratings
  • Playing the Odds: Observation of Instructional Means
  • An Observational Reality: The Mysterious Middle Group
  • Getting the Most Evaluative Mileage Out of Classroom Observation Evidence
  • Two Widely-Used Observation Procedures
  • Danielson's Framework for Teaching
  • The Marzano Model
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 7. Evidence from Ratings
  • Rooting Around with Ratings
  • Lurking Comparisons
  • Amalgam Judgments
  • Three Flavors of Bias
  • Administrators' Ratings
  • Students' Ratings
  • Making Ratings Righteous
  • The Rating Form
  • Rater Preparation
  • The Old and the New
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 8. Evidence from Sundry Sources
  • Alternative Sources of Evidence for Evaluating Teachers
  • Academic Achievements
  • Changes in Students' Affect
  • Lesson Plans
  • Opportunity-to-Learn Student Surveys
  • Parental Engagement
  • Parent Ratings
  • Professional Development
  • Ratings by Colleagues
  • Student Interviews
  • Teacher-Made Tests
  • Teachers' Self-Ratings
  • Augmentation or Obfuscation?
  • Evidential-Weight Guidelines
  • Chapter Implications for Three Audiences
  • 9. Mission Possible?
  • Weighted-Evidence Judgment of Teachers: A Reprise
  • What To Do- And How?
  • Chapter Imlpications for Three Audiences
  • Responding to a Subtitle
  • Index

Recent Product Reviews:

"As states ramp up their teacher evaluation efforts, it is becoming more and more important that this is done in a way that benefits, rather than harms, students. In this important and well-argued book, Jim Popham explains why teacher evaluation absolutely has to be based on a "weighted evidence" approach, and shows what policy-makers, administrators, and teachers need to do to make this work. Everyone interested in the quality of education in the United States should read this book."
Dylan Wiliam, Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment, Institute of Education, University of London
"I believe the book will be a very good resource to educators. This book focuses on the hottest topic in the field of education right now and the author clearly has a great deal of experience with the subject. In addition, his use of humor makes the book an enjoyable read."
Dr. Peter DeWitt, Corwin Author and Elementary School Principal, Averill Park Central School District, Albany, NY
"This book hits squarely on a topic for which district and state policy makers need current information. It is too bad this book was not out during the roll out of teacher evaluations in states everywhere. I am sure the author's wisdom could have certainly helped in selecting tests that effectively measure teacher effectiveness."
John Robinson, Principal, Discovery High School, Newton, NC
"I could see using this text in a book study with my administrative team as we discuss how we can ensure effectiveness in our assessments of classroom performance. His explanation of what to look at for evidentiary source makes more sense than anything the state put out, but in the end, the state will dictate a good part of what will be used in the evaluation."
Martin Hudacs, Superintendent, Solanco School, Quarryville, PA
"I see Evaluating America's Teachers: Mission Possible? as a direct attempt to address this controversial issue head on. In this book the author addresses the need for teacher accountability and addresses the hurdles and pitfalls which are often encountered in states and school districts attempts to develop a comprehensive and all encompassing fair teacher evaluation process."
Carl J. Weingartner, Corwin Author and Retired Principal, Albuquerque, NM

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