Text-Dependent Questions, Grades K-5

Pathways to Close and Critical Reading
Douglas Fisher - San Diego State University, USA
Nancy Frey - San Diego State University, USA
Heather L. Anderson - Health Sciences High & Middle College (HSHMC)
Marisol Thayre - Health Sciences High & Middle College (HSHMC)
Text-Dependent Questions, Grades K-5
September 2014 | 248 pages | Corwin
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ISBN: 9781483320441
Available from January 0001
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ISBN: 9781483331317
Available from January 0001

Description

Fisher & Frey’s answer to close and critical reading

No doubt since the cave paintings of prehistoric times, humans have asked questions to make sense of the message. So what could possibly be new about posing questions about text?

Plenty . . . and with TDQ, Doug Fisher and Nancy Frey reveal it all. After one quick read, you will have learned all the very best ways to use text-dependent questions as scaffolds during close reading . . . and the big understandings they can yield, especially when executed the Fisher and Frey way. But that’s just for starters. Fisher and Frey also include illustrative video, recommended texts and questions, examples from across content areas, and an online professional learning guide, making the two volumes of TDQ a potent professional development tool across all of K-12.

The genius of TDQ is the way Fisher and Frey break down the process into four cognitive pathways that help teachers “organize the journey through a text” and frame an extended discussion around it. Step by step, this approach ensures that in every close reading lesson, students are guided to consider explicit and implied meanings, and deeply analyze and appreciate various aspects of a text, especially those that may be challenging or confusing. 

Here’s how the four inter-related processes play out, with every why and every how answered:

  • What does the text say? (general understandings and key details)
  • How does the text work? (vocabulary, structure, and author’s craft)
  • What does the text mean? (logical inferences and intertextual connections)
  • What does the text inspire you to do? (write, investigate, present, debate)

The cool thing? These questions ignite students’ engagement and discussion because they strategically lead students to a place of understanding where explicit and implied meanings and interpretations can be debated. Far from being overly literal or teacher-led, the questioning framework Fisher and Frey advance enhances the quality of student talk and idea-generation. All in all, there’s no better resource to cultivate students’ capacity for independent reading and incisive thinking.

Longtime collaborators and recipients of numerous teaching and leadership awards, DOUGLAS FISHER and NANCY FREY are Professors of Educational Leadership at San Diego State University as well as teacher leaders at Health Sciences High & Middle College. 

 
 

Contents

Acknowledgments

  • Chapter 1. Creating Effective Close Reading Lessons
  • Close Reading Defined
  • Close Reading in the Elementary Grades
  • The Phases of Close Reading
  • How Much Frontloading Is Too Much (or Not Enough)?
  • Text-Dependent Questions Drive Close Reading
  • Use Text-Dependent Questions Judiciously
  • Question Yourself
  • Videos
  • Chapter 2. What Does the Text Say?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Literal-Level Questions
  • Why Students Need This Type of Questioning
  • Why Classroom Discussion Is Crucial
  • How Examining What the Text Says Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Questions About What the Text Says
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: "My Shadow" by Robert Louis Stevenson
  • Videos
  • Chapter 3. How Does the Text Work?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Structural-Level Questions
  • Why Students Need This Type of Questioning
  • How Examining How the Text Works Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Questions About How the Text Works
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: Excerpt From Benjamin Banneker's Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 19, 1791
  • Videos
  • Chapter 4. What Does the Text Mean?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Inferential-Level Questions
  • Why Students Need This Type of Questioning
  • How Examining What the Text Means Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Questions About What the Text Means
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: "Instances of the Communication of Cholera Through the Medium of Polluted Water in the Neighborhood of Broad Street, Golden Square" by John Snow
  • Videos
  • Chapter 5. What Does the Text Inspire You to Do?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Action-Oriented Questions and Tasks
  • Why Students Need to Complete These Types of Tasks
  • How Examining What the Text Inspires You to Do Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Tasks About What the Text Inspires You to Do
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: Excerpt From Introduction to A More Perfect Union: The Creation of the United States Constitution by Roger A. Bruns
  • Practice Text: The Bill of Rights: A Transcription
  • Videos

Coda

Coda

Appendices: Questions for . . .

  • Appendix I: Grades K-1
  • Appendix II: Grades 2-3
  • Appendix III: Grades 4-5

References

References

Index

Index

About the Authors

About the Authors

About the Contributors

About the Contributors

Resources

Description

Fisher & Frey’s answer to close and critical reading

No doubt since the cave paintings of prehistoric times, humans have asked questions to make sense of the message. So what could possibly be new about posing questions about text?

Plenty . . . and with TDQ, Doug Fisher and Nancy Frey reveal it all. After one quick read, you will have learned all the very best ways to use text-dependent questions as scaffolds during close reading . . . and the big understandings they can yield, especially when executed the Fisher and Frey way. But that’s just for starters. Fisher and Frey also include illustrative video, recommended texts and questions, examples from across content areas, and an online professional learning guide, making the two volumes of TDQ a potent professional development tool across all of K-12.

The genius of TDQ is the way Fisher and Frey break down the process into four cognitive pathways that help teachers “organize the journey through a text” and frame an extended discussion around it. Step by step, this approach ensures that in every close reading lesson, students are guided to consider explicit and implied meanings, and deeply analyze and appreciate various aspects of a text, especially those that may be challenging or confusing. 

Here’s how the four inter-related processes play out, with every why and every how answered:

  • What does the text say? (general understandings and key details)
  • How does the text work? (vocabulary, structure, and author’s craft)
  • What does the text mean? (logical inferences and intertextual connections)
  • What does the text inspire you to do? (write, investigate, present, debate)

The cool thing? These questions ignite students’ engagement and discussion because they strategically lead students to a place of understanding where explicit and implied meanings and interpretations can be debated. Far from being overly literal or teacher-led, the questioning framework Fisher and Frey advance enhances the quality of student talk and idea-generation. All in all, there’s no better resource to cultivate students’ capacity for independent reading and incisive thinking.

Longtime collaborators and recipients of numerous teaching and leadership awards, DOUGLAS FISHER and NANCY FREY are Professors of Educational Leadership at San Diego State University as well as teacher leaders at Health Sciences High & Middle College. 

 
 

Contents

Acknowledgments

  • Chapter 1. Creating Effective Close Reading Lessons
  • Close Reading Defined
  • Close Reading in the Elementary Grades
  • The Phases of Close Reading
  • How Much Frontloading Is Too Much (or Not Enough)?
  • Text-Dependent Questions Drive Close Reading
  • Use Text-Dependent Questions Judiciously
  • Question Yourself
  • Videos
  • Chapter 2. What Does the Text Say?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Literal-Level Questions
  • Why Students Need This Type of Questioning
  • Why Classroom Discussion Is Crucial
  • How Examining What the Text Says Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Questions About What the Text Says
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: "My Shadow" by Robert Louis Stevenson
  • Videos
  • Chapter 3. How Does the Text Work?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Structural-Level Questions
  • Why Students Need This Type of Questioning
  • How Examining How the Text Works Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Questions About How the Text Works
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: Excerpt From Benjamin Banneker's Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 19, 1791
  • Videos
  • Chapter 4. What Does the Text Mean?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Inferential-Level Questions
  • Why Students Need This Type of Questioning
  • How Examining What the Text Means Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Questions About What the Text Means
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: "Instances of the Communication of Cholera Through the Medium of Polluted Water in the Neighborhood of Broad Street, Golden Square" by John Snow
  • Videos
  • Chapter 5. What Does the Text Inspire You to Do?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Action-Oriented Questions and Tasks
  • Why Students Need to Complete These Types of Tasks
  • How Examining What the Text Inspires You to Do Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Tasks About What the Text Inspires You to Do
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: Excerpt From Introduction to A More Perfect Union: The Creation of the United States Constitution by Roger A. Bruns
  • Practice Text: The Bill of Rights: A Transcription
  • Videos

Coda

Coda

Appendices: Questions for . . .

  • Appendix I: Grades K-1
  • Appendix II: Grades 2-3
  • Appendix III: Grades 4-5

References

References

Index

Index

About the Authors

About the Authors

About the Contributors

About the Contributors

Resources

SAGE Publishing Logo

Text-Dependent Questions, Grades K-5

Pathways to Close and Critical Reading


September 2014 | 248 pages | Corwin

Format Published Date ISBN Price
Paperback 01/01/2025 9781483331317 $40.95
Lifetime 01/01/2025 9781483320441 $37.00

Fisher & Frey’s answer to close and critical reading

No doubt since the cave paintings of prehistoric times, humans have asked questions to make sense of the message. So what could possibly be new about posing questions about text?

Plenty . . . and with TDQ, Doug Fisher and Nancy Frey reveal it all. After one quick read, you will have learned all the very best ways to use text-dependent questions as scaffolds during close reading . . . and the big understandings they can yield, especially when executed the Fisher and Frey way. But that’s just for starters. Fisher and Frey also include illustrative video, recommended texts and questions, examples from across content areas, and an online professional learning guide, making the two volumes of TDQ a potent professional development tool across all of K-12.

The genius of TDQ is the way Fisher and Frey break down the process into four cognitive pathways that help teachers “organize the journey through a text” and frame an extended discussion around it. Step by step, this approach ensures that in every close reading lesson, students are guided to consider explicit and implied meanings, and deeply analyze and appreciate various aspects of a text, especially those that may be challenging or confusing. 

Here’s how the four inter-related processes play out, with every why and every how answered:

  • What does the text say? (general understandings and key details)
  • How does the text work? (vocabulary, structure, and author’s craft)
  • What does the text mean? (logical inferences and intertextual connections)
  • What does the text inspire you to do? (write, investigate, present, debate)

The cool thing? These questions ignite students’ engagement and discussion because they strategically lead students to a place of understanding where explicit and implied meanings and interpretations can be debated. Far from being overly literal or teacher-led, the questioning framework Fisher and Frey advance enhances the quality of student talk and idea-generation. All in all, there’s no better resource to cultivate students’ capacity for independent reading and incisive thinking.

Longtime collaborators and recipients of numerous teaching and leadership awards, DOUGLAS FISHER and NANCY FREY are Professors of Educational Leadership at San Diego State University as well as teacher leaders at Health Sciences High & Middle College. 

 
 

Table Of Contents:

  • Acknowledgments
  • Chapter 1. Creating Effective Close Reading Lessons
  • Close Reading Defined
  • Close Reading in the Elementary Grades
  • The Phases of Close Reading
  • How Much Frontloading Is Too Much (or Not Enough)?
  • Text-Dependent Questions Drive Close Reading
  • Use Text-Dependent Questions Judiciously
  • Question Yourself
  • Videos
  • Chapter 2. What Does the Text Say?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Literal-Level Questions
  • Why Students Need This Type of Questioning
  • Why Classroom Discussion Is Crucial
  • How Examining What the Text Says Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Questions About What the Text Says
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: "My Shadow" by Robert Louis Stevenson
  • Videos
  • Chapter 3. How Does the Text Work?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Structural-Level Questions
  • Why Students Need This Type of Questioning
  • How Examining How the Text Works Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Questions About How the Text Works
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: Excerpt From Benjamin Banneker's Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 19, 1791
  • Videos
  • Chapter 4. What Does the Text Mean?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Inferential-Level Questions
  • Why Students Need This Type of Questioning
  • How Examining What the Text Means Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Questions About What the Text Means
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: "Instances of the Communication of Cholera Through the Medium of Polluted Water in the Neighborhood of Broad Street, Golden Square" by John Snow
  • Videos
  • Chapter 5. What Does the Text Inspire You to Do?
  • An Invitation to Read Closely: Action-Oriented Questions and Tasks
  • Why Students Need to Complete These Types of Tasks
  • How Examining What the Text Inspires You to Do Addresses the Standards
  • Using Text-Dependent Tasks About What the Text Inspires You to Do
  • Question Yourself
  • Practice Text: Excerpt From Introduction to A More Perfect Union: The Creation of the United States Constitution by Roger A. Bruns
  • Practice Text: The Bill of Rights: A Transcription
  • Videos
  • Coda
  • Appendices: Questions for . . .
  • Appendix I: Grades K-1
  • Appendix II: Grades 2-3
  • Appendix III: Grades 4-5
  • References
  • Index
  • About the Authors
  • About the Contributors

Recent Product Reviews:

“Fisher and Frey set the record straight about text-dependent questions. They demonstrate that text-dependent questions can address not only literal understanding but also understandings about what the text doesn’t say, how the text works, what the text means to and for the reader, how the text might be read in a specific discipline, and more. With specific prompts and concrete examples, Fisher and Frey show us how to use questioning as a central tool to address the Common Core State Standards.”
NELL K. DUKE, University of Michigan
“Fisher and Frey have a knack for making complex topics accessible. They write in a jargon-free style that teachers appreciate, and their use of examples and analogies helps bring ideas to life. These are qualities their readers have come to expect, and this book does not disappoint. . . . Teachers will find here an abundance of fresh, practical ideas that are easy to implement. This book deserves a ‘close read,’ and I heartily recommend it."
MICHAEL MCKENNA, University of Virginia
“Doug Fisher and Nancy Frey are experts at linking research to educational practice. Their latest book, Text-Dependent Questions, provides teachers with the information they need to scaffold their students’ deep comprehension through four levels of questioning. I am excited to share this book with teachers and colleagues!”
LINDA DORN, University of Arkansas at Little Rock
“Text-Dependent Questions solidifies Fisher and Frey’s well-earned reputation as literacy experts who offer sane and nuanced interpretations of the Common Core State Standards. They remind us that close reading at its best is a social process, one involving teacher-learner interaction as well as student-to-student talk. While the recommended texts and sample questions are useful, the extended classroom examples are the true heart of the book, demonstrating how skilled practitioners flexibly devise and deploy high-quality questions to serve varied instructional purposes. “
KELLY CHANDLER-OLCOTT, Syracuse University
“Fisher and Frey deliver another indispensable resource for teachers of adolescents across the curriculum as they strive to meet today’s more rigorous standards. Mentoring students to grow from dependence on questions provided by others to developing the capacity to “interrogate a text” themselves is fundamental to proficient reading of complex disciplinary texts. Text-Dependent Questions provides teachers with a carefully reasoned pathway for questioning a text as a requisite for close reading.”
DOUGH BUEHL, Author of Classroom Strategies for Interactive Learning

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