The Formative 5

Everyday Assessment Techniques for Every Math Classroom
Francis M. Fennell - McDaniel College, USA
Beth McCord Kobett - Stevenson University
Jonathan A. Wray - Howard County Public Schools
The Formative 5
December 2016 | 200 pages | Corwin
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ISBN: 9781506375199
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ISBN: 9781506337500
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Description



“This highly practical and readable book gets right down into the detail of what good formative assessment looks like in math classrooms, and shows how teachers can make this a part of their regular planning and instruction.”

—Dylan Wiliam, Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment, University College

Imagine how it would feel to not worry about how to plan, teach, and check for student mathematical understandings and related proficiencies. Imagine if this important process felt like a natural, every day, part of your lesson preparation instead of an extra thing to do. This must-have resource shows the way. 

NCTM Past President, Francis “Skip” Fennell, and nationally-recognized mathematics educators Beth McCord Kobett and Jonathan (Jon) Wray, offer five of the most impactful, proven assessment techniques—Observations, Interviews, “Show Me,” Hinge Questions, and Exit Tasks— you can implement, every day. Tried and tested by teachers just like you, you’ll find that this palette of classroom-based techniques will truly assess learning and inform teaching.

Research and classroom practice indicates that formative assessment is poorly understood. This book gives you a concise, research-based, classroom-dedicated plan with lots of tools, activities, classroom vignettes, and student work to guide your daily use of these techniques – The Formative 5.

Both within and between lessons, K-8 teachers of mathematics will learn to

  • Think and go beyond assessment of learning, focusing on assessment for learning
  • Directly connect assessment to planning and teaching
  • Engineer effective classroom questioning, discussions, and learning tasks
  • Provide success criteria and feedback that moves students forward
  • Integrate the Standards for Mathematical Practice
  • Activate student self-assessors who take ownership of their learning 

Includes a book study guide, tools and templates, and a companion website with downloadables and multi-media examples of student discussion in the classroom. The Formative 5 will help you build your mathematics-related formative assessment capacity through daily use of these five key techniques, leading to regularly monitored and improved learning opportunities for your students.

Now Available: The On-Your-Feet Guide to The Formative 5

Contents

Foreword

Foreword

About the Authors

About the Authors

Preface

Preface

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

PART I Getting Started

  • WHY FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT? ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES
  • Assessment Literacy: What Is It? Why Is This Important?
  • Formative/Summative: It’s All Testing, Right?
  • Formative Assessment: Assessing to Inform
  • Classroom-Based Formative Assessment: Why Is This Important? You Do Have the Time to Do This!
  • Formative Assessment in YOUR Classroom: The Classroom Is Your Canvas!
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions

PART II The Formative 5

  • CHAPTER 1 OBSERVATIONS
  • Observations: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Observations
  • Tools for Using Observations in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Observations
  • Using Observations in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 2 INTERVIEWS
  • Interviews: Background and Basics
  • Planning for the Interview
  • Tools for Using Interviews in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Interviews
  • Using Interviews in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 3 SHOW ME
  • Show Me: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Show Me
  • Tools for Using Show Me in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Show Me Responses
  • Using Show Me in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 4 HINGE QUESTIONS
  • Hinge Questions: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Using Hinge Questions
  • Tools for Using Hinge Questions in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Hinge Questions
  • Using Hinge Questions in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 5 EXIT TASKS
  • Exit Tasks: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Using Exit Tasks
  • Tools for Using Exit Tasks in the Classroom
  • Technology Tools and Tips for Exit Tasks
  • Using Exit Tasks in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions

PART III Next Steps

  • CHAPTER 6 IT’S YOUR TURN!
  • Why Formative Assessment? Issues and Opportunities
  • Chapter 1: Observations
  • Chapter 2: Interviews
  • Chapter 3: Show Me
  • Chapter 4: Hinge Questions
  • Chapter 5: Exit Tasks
  • What’s Next?

Appendix: Book Study Guide

Appendix: Book Study Guide

References

References

Index

Index

Resources


Video


Book Poster

Description



“This highly practical and readable book gets right down into the detail of what good formative assessment looks like in math classrooms, and shows how teachers can make this a part of their regular planning and instruction.”

—Dylan Wiliam, Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment, University College

Imagine how it would feel to not worry about how to plan, teach, and check for student mathematical understandings and related proficiencies. Imagine if this important process felt like a natural, every day, part of your lesson preparation instead of an extra thing to do. This must-have resource shows the way. 

NCTM Past President, Francis “Skip” Fennell, and nationally-recognized mathematics educators Beth McCord Kobett and Jonathan (Jon) Wray, offer five of the most impactful, proven assessment techniques—Observations, Interviews, “Show Me,” Hinge Questions, and Exit Tasks— you can implement, every day. Tried and tested by teachers just like you, you’ll find that this palette of classroom-based techniques will truly assess learning and inform teaching.

Research and classroom practice indicates that formative assessment is poorly understood. This book gives you a concise, research-based, classroom-dedicated plan with lots of tools, activities, classroom vignettes, and student work to guide your daily use of these techniques – The Formative 5.

Both within and between lessons, K-8 teachers of mathematics will learn to

  • Think and go beyond assessment of learning, focusing on assessment for learning
  • Directly connect assessment to planning and teaching
  • Engineer effective classroom questioning, discussions, and learning tasks
  • Provide success criteria and feedback that moves students forward
  • Integrate the Standards for Mathematical Practice
  • Activate student self-assessors who take ownership of their learning 

Includes a book study guide, tools and templates, and a companion website with downloadables and multi-media examples of student discussion in the classroom. The Formative 5 will help you build your mathematics-related formative assessment capacity through daily use of these five key techniques, leading to regularly monitored and improved learning opportunities for your students.

Now Available: The On-Your-Feet Guide to The Formative 5

Contents

Foreword

Foreword

About the Authors

About the Authors

Preface

Preface

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

PART I Getting Started

  • WHY FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT? ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES
  • Assessment Literacy: What Is It? Why Is This Important?
  • Formative/Summative: It’s All Testing, Right?
  • Formative Assessment: Assessing to Inform
  • Classroom-Based Formative Assessment: Why Is This Important? You Do Have the Time to Do This!
  • Formative Assessment in YOUR Classroom: The Classroom Is Your Canvas!
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions

PART II The Formative 5

  • CHAPTER 1 OBSERVATIONS
  • Observations: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Observations
  • Tools for Using Observations in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Observations
  • Using Observations in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 2 INTERVIEWS
  • Interviews: Background and Basics
  • Planning for the Interview
  • Tools for Using Interviews in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Interviews
  • Using Interviews in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 3 SHOW ME
  • Show Me: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Show Me
  • Tools for Using Show Me in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Show Me Responses
  • Using Show Me in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 4 HINGE QUESTIONS
  • Hinge Questions: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Using Hinge Questions
  • Tools for Using Hinge Questions in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Hinge Questions
  • Using Hinge Questions in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 5 EXIT TASKS
  • Exit Tasks: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Using Exit Tasks
  • Tools for Using Exit Tasks in the Classroom
  • Technology Tools and Tips for Exit Tasks
  • Using Exit Tasks in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions

PART III Next Steps

  • CHAPTER 6 IT’S YOUR TURN!
  • Why Formative Assessment? Issues and Opportunities
  • Chapter 1: Observations
  • Chapter 2: Interviews
  • Chapter 3: Show Me
  • Chapter 4: Hinge Questions
  • Chapter 5: Exit Tasks
  • What’s Next?

Appendix: Book Study Guide

Appendix: Book Study Guide

References

References

Index

Index

Resources


Video


Book Poster

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The Formative 5

Everyday Assessment Techniques for Every Math Classroom


December 2016 | 200 pages | Corwin

Format Published Date ISBN Price
Paperback 01/02/2026 9781506337500 $37.95
Lifetime 01/02/2026 9781506375199 $35.00



“This highly practical and readable book gets right down into the detail of what good formative assessment looks like in math classrooms, and shows how teachers can make this a part of their regular planning and instruction.”

—Dylan Wiliam, Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment, University College

Imagine how it would feel to not worry about how to plan, teach, and check for student mathematical understandings and related proficiencies. Imagine if this important process felt like a natural, every day, part of your lesson preparation instead of an extra thing to do. This must-have resource shows the way. 

NCTM Past President, Francis “Skip” Fennell, and nationally-recognized mathematics educators Beth McCord Kobett and Jonathan (Jon) Wray, offer five of the most impactful, proven assessment techniques—Observations, Interviews, “Show Me,” Hinge Questions, and Exit Tasks— you can implement, every day. Tried and tested by teachers just like you, you’ll find that this palette of classroom-based techniques will truly assess learning and inform teaching.

Research and classroom practice indicates that formative assessment is poorly understood. This book gives you a concise, research-based, classroom-dedicated plan with lots of tools, activities, classroom vignettes, and student work to guide your daily use of these techniques – The Formative 5.

Both within and between lessons, K-8 teachers of mathematics will learn to

  • Think and go beyond assessment of learning, focusing on assessment for learning
  • Directly connect assessment to planning and teaching
  • Engineer effective classroom questioning, discussions, and learning tasks
  • Provide success criteria and feedback that moves students forward
  • Integrate the Standards for Mathematical Practice
  • Activate student self-assessors who take ownership of their learning 

Includes a book study guide, tools and templates, and a companion website with downloadables and multi-media examples of student discussion in the classroom. The Formative 5 will help you build your mathematics-related formative assessment capacity through daily use of these five key techniques, leading to regularly monitored and improved learning opportunities for your students.

Now Available: The On-Your-Feet Guide to The Formative 5


Table Of Contents:

  • Foreword
  • About the Authors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • PART I Getting Started
  • WHY FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT? ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES
  • Assessment Literacy: What Is It? Why Is This Important?
  • Formative/Summative: It’s All Testing, Right?
  • Formative Assessment: Assessing to Inform
  • Classroom-Based Formative Assessment: Why Is This Important? You Do Have the Time to Do This!
  • Formative Assessment in YOUR Classroom: The Classroom Is Your Canvas!
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • PART II The Formative 5
  • CHAPTER 1 OBSERVATIONS
  • Observations: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Observations
  • Tools for Using Observations in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Observations
  • Using Observations in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 2 INTERVIEWS
  • Interviews: Background and Basics
  • Planning for the Interview
  • Tools for Using Interviews in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Interviews
  • Using Interviews in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 3 SHOW ME
  • Show Me: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Show Me
  • Tools for Using Show Me in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Show Me Responses
  • Using Show Me in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 4 HINGE QUESTIONS
  • Hinge Questions: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Using Hinge Questions
  • Tools for Using Hinge Questions in the Classroom
  • Technology Tips and Tools for Recording Hinge Questions
  • Using Hinge Questions in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 5 EXIT TASKS
  • Exit Tasks: Background and Basics
  • Planning for Using Exit Tasks
  • Tools for Using Exit Tasks in the Classroom
  • Technology Tools and Tips for Exit Tasks
  • Using Exit Tasks in YOUR Classroom
  • Summing Up
  • Professional Learning Discussion Questions
  • PART III Next Steps
  • CHAPTER 6 IT’S YOUR TURN!
  • Why Formative Assessment? Issues and Opportunities
  • Chapter 1: Observations
  • Chapter 2: Interviews
  • Chapter 3: Show Me
  • Chapter 4: Hinge Questions
  • Chapter 5: Exit Tasks
  • What’s Next?
  • Appendix: Book Study Guide
  • References
  • Index

Recent Product Reviews:

“We know that regular use of formative assessment is an essential part of effective instruction, but we know far less about how to help teachers make this a reality in their classrooms. In this highly practical and readable book, Fennell, Kobett, and Wray get right down into the detail of what good formative assessment looks like in math classrooms, and show how teachers can make this a part of their regular planning and instruction. They also include the voices of real teachers, the challenges they faced in taking these ideas on board, and the way that they have taken the basic ideas of formative assessment and made them a living reality in their classrooms. This is a “must-read” book for anyone who teaches math.”
Dylan Wiliam, Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment, University College London
“This book is a gem. Fennell, Kobett, and Wray don’t just provide advice on what to do; they provide you the tools you need to implement specific formative assessment techniques in your classroom.”
Matt Larson, President, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
“The Formative 5 could be added to the list of ‘Fab 5s’—each of the chapters provides fabulous examples, tools, and discussion for implementing a comprehensive formative plan in your classroom. A valuable resource for individual use, collaborative learning communities, book study, and lesson study—beneficial to preservice teachers through master teachers.”
Jennifer M. Bay-Williams, Mathematics Teacher Educator, University of Louisville
“Formative assessment is an invaluable way to learn about students’ mathematical understandings and to guide instruction that focuses on student needs rather than on content. In The Formative 5, Fennell, Kobett, and Wray share five powerful protocols that help teachers embed formative assessment in daily instruction and how—when used individually or together—they guide next instructional moves. A great resource for every math teacher!”
Linda Gojak, Past President, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and author of The Common Core Mathematics Companions, grades K-2 and 3-5
“This book is so valuable because it gives the techniques that can help build formative assessments for any mathematical content, at any grade, for any learner. There are actual vignettes of classroom instruction and the stories from the field bring the material alive and provide testimony to the book’s ultimate effectiveness.”
Karen Karp, Visiting Professor, School of Education, Johns Hopkins University

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