Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding, Grades 3-5

Common Holes and Misconceptions and What To Do About Them
John J. SanGiovanni - Howard Public School System
Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding, Grades 3-5
September 2016 | 384 pages | Corwin
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eBook
ISBN: 9781506375502
Available from January 0001
Paperback
ISBN: 9781506337678
Available from January 0001

Description

Being an effective math educator is one part based on the quality of the tasks we give, one part how we diagnose what we see, and one part what we do with what we find. Yet with so many students and big concepts to cover, it can be hard to slow down enough to look for those moments when students’ responses tell us what we need to know about next best steps. In this remarkable book, John SanGiovanni helps us value our students’ misconceptions and incomplete understandings as much as their correct ones—because it’s the gap in their understanding today that holds the secrets to planning tomorrow’s best teaching.

SanGiovanni lays out 180 high-quality tasks aligned to the standards and big ideas of Grades 3-5 mathematics, including addition and subtraction of multi-digit whole numbers, multiplication and division of single and multi-digit whole numbers, foundational fraction concepts, foundational decimal concepts, and operations with fractions and decimals. The tasks are all downloadable so you can use or modify them for instruction and assessment. Each big idea offers a starting task followed by:

  • what makes it a high-quality task
  • what you might anticipate before students work with the task
  • 4 student examples of the completed task showcasing a distinct “gap”
  • commentary on what precisely counts for mathematical understanding and the next instructional steps
  • commentary on the misconception or incomplete understanding so you learn why the student veered off course 
  • three additional tasks aligned to the mathematics topic and ideas about what students might do with these additional tasks.

It’s time to break our habit of rushing into re-teaching for correctness and instead get curious about the space between right and wrong answers. Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding is a book you will return to again and again to get better at selecting tasks that will uncover students’ reasoning—better at discerning the quality and clarity of students’ understanding—and better at planning teaching based on the gaps you see. 

Contents

Big Ideas & Tasks at a Glance

Big Ideas & Tasks at a Glance

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

About the Author

About the Author

Introduction

  • CHAPTER 1: RICH MATHEMATICS TASKS, STUDENT MISCONCEPTIONS, USING TASKS
  • CHAPTER 2: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION WITHIN 1,000
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 1: Adding Within 1,000
  • 2: Reasoning About Addition Within 1,000
  • 3: Subtraction Within 1,000
  • 4: Reasoning About Subtraction Within 1,000
  • 5: Problem Solving With Addition and Subtraction
  • CHAPTER 3: MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 6: Representing Multiplication
  • 7: Reasoning About Multiplication
  • 8: Properties of Multiplication
  • 9: Representing Division
  • 10: Reasoning About Division
  • 11: Problem Solving With Multiplication and Division
  • 12: Connecting Multiplication and Division
  • 13: Representing Multi-Digit Multiplication
  • 14: Reasoning About Multi-Digit Multiplication
  • 15: Representing Multi-Digit Division
  • 16: Reasoning About Multi-Digit Division
  • CHAPTER 4: FOUNDATIONAL FRACTION CONCEPTS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 17: Representing Fractions
  • 18: Connecting Representations of Fractions
  • 19: Fractions on a Number Line
  • 20: Fractions Greater Than 1 on a Number Line
  • 21: Decomposing Fractions
  • 22: Equivalent Fractions on a Number Line
  • 23: Comparing Fractions
  • 24: Reasoning About Fractions
  • 25: More Reasoning About Fractions
  • CHAPTER 5: DECIMAL CONCEPTS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 26: Representing Decimals
  • 27: Representing Decimals as Numbers
  • 28: Estimating and Rounding Decimals
  • 29: Decomposing Decimals
  • 30: Comparing Decimals
  • 31: Addition With Decimals
  • 32: Subtracting With Decimals
  • 33: Problem Solving With Decimals
  • CHAPTER 6: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION WITH FRACTIONS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 34: Addition With Fractions on Number Lines
  • 35: Reasoning About Addition With Fractions
  • 36: Subtraction With Fractions
  • 37: Reasoning About Subtraction With Fractions
  • 38: Problem Solving With Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 39: Addition and Subtraction With Mixed Numbers
  • CHAPTER 7: MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION WITH FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 40: Multiplication of Fractions
  • 41: More With Multiplication of Fractions
  • 42: Division With Fractions
  • 43: Problem Solving With Multiplication and Division of Fractions
  • 44: Multiplication With Decimals
  • 45: Division With Decimals
  • CHAPTER 8: WHAT DO WE DO NEXT?

References and Additional Resources

References and Additional Resources

Resources

Description

Being an effective math educator is one part based on the quality of the tasks we give, one part how we diagnose what we see, and one part what we do with what we find. Yet with so many students and big concepts to cover, it can be hard to slow down enough to look for those moments when students’ responses tell us what we need to know about next best steps. In this remarkable book, John SanGiovanni helps us value our students’ misconceptions and incomplete understandings as much as their correct ones—because it’s the gap in their understanding today that holds the secrets to planning tomorrow’s best teaching.

SanGiovanni lays out 180 high-quality tasks aligned to the standards and big ideas of Grades 3-5 mathematics, including addition and subtraction of multi-digit whole numbers, multiplication and division of single and multi-digit whole numbers, foundational fraction concepts, foundational decimal concepts, and operations with fractions and decimals. The tasks are all downloadable so you can use or modify them for instruction and assessment. Each big idea offers a starting task followed by:

  • what makes it a high-quality task
  • what you might anticipate before students work with the task
  • 4 student examples of the completed task showcasing a distinct “gap”
  • commentary on what precisely counts for mathematical understanding and the next instructional steps
  • commentary on the misconception or incomplete understanding so you learn why the student veered off course 
  • three additional tasks aligned to the mathematics topic and ideas about what students might do with these additional tasks.

It’s time to break our habit of rushing into re-teaching for correctness and instead get curious about the space between right and wrong answers. Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding is a book you will return to again and again to get better at selecting tasks that will uncover students’ reasoning—better at discerning the quality and clarity of students’ understanding—and better at planning teaching based on the gaps you see. 

Contents

Big Ideas & Tasks at a Glance

Big Ideas & Tasks at a Glance

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

About the Author

About the Author

Introduction

  • CHAPTER 1: RICH MATHEMATICS TASKS, STUDENT MISCONCEPTIONS, USING TASKS
  • CHAPTER 2: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION WITHIN 1,000
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 1: Adding Within 1,000
  • 2: Reasoning About Addition Within 1,000
  • 3: Subtraction Within 1,000
  • 4: Reasoning About Subtraction Within 1,000
  • 5: Problem Solving With Addition and Subtraction
  • CHAPTER 3: MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 6: Representing Multiplication
  • 7: Reasoning About Multiplication
  • 8: Properties of Multiplication
  • 9: Representing Division
  • 10: Reasoning About Division
  • 11: Problem Solving With Multiplication and Division
  • 12: Connecting Multiplication and Division
  • 13: Representing Multi-Digit Multiplication
  • 14: Reasoning About Multi-Digit Multiplication
  • 15: Representing Multi-Digit Division
  • 16: Reasoning About Multi-Digit Division
  • CHAPTER 4: FOUNDATIONAL FRACTION CONCEPTS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 17: Representing Fractions
  • 18: Connecting Representations of Fractions
  • 19: Fractions on a Number Line
  • 20: Fractions Greater Than 1 on a Number Line
  • 21: Decomposing Fractions
  • 22: Equivalent Fractions on a Number Line
  • 23: Comparing Fractions
  • 24: Reasoning About Fractions
  • 25: More Reasoning About Fractions
  • CHAPTER 5: DECIMAL CONCEPTS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 26: Representing Decimals
  • 27: Representing Decimals as Numbers
  • 28: Estimating and Rounding Decimals
  • 29: Decomposing Decimals
  • 30: Comparing Decimals
  • 31: Addition With Decimals
  • 32: Subtracting With Decimals
  • 33: Problem Solving With Decimals
  • CHAPTER 6: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION WITH FRACTIONS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 34: Addition With Fractions on Number Lines
  • 35: Reasoning About Addition With Fractions
  • 36: Subtraction With Fractions
  • 37: Reasoning About Subtraction With Fractions
  • 38: Problem Solving With Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 39: Addition and Subtraction With Mixed Numbers
  • CHAPTER 7: MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION WITH FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 40: Multiplication of Fractions
  • 41: More With Multiplication of Fractions
  • 42: Division With Fractions
  • 43: Problem Solving With Multiplication and Division of Fractions
  • 44: Multiplication With Decimals
  • 45: Division With Decimals
  • CHAPTER 8: WHAT DO WE DO NEXT?

References and Additional Resources

References and Additional Resources

Resources

SAGE Publishing Logo

Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding, Grades 3-5

Common Holes and Misconceptions and What To Do About Them


September 2016 | 384 pages | Corwin

Format Published Date ISBN Price
Paperback 01/02/2026 9781506337678 $40.95
Lifetime 01/02/2026 9781506375502 $37.00

Being an effective math educator is one part based on the quality of the tasks we give, one part how we diagnose what we see, and one part what we do with what we find. Yet with so many students and big concepts to cover, it can be hard to slow down enough to look for those moments when students’ responses tell us what we need to know about next best steps. In this remarkable book, John SanGiovanni helps us value our students’ misconceptions and incomplete understandings as much as their correct ones—because it’s the gap in their understanding today that holds the secrets to planning tomorrow’s best teaching.

SanGiovanni lays out 180 high-quality tasks aligned to the standards and big ideas of Grades 3-5 mathematics, including addition and subtraction of multi-digit whole numbers, multiplication and division of single and multi-digit whole numbers, foundational fraction concepts, foundational decimal concepts, and operations with fractions and decimals. The tasks are all downloadable so you can use or modify them for instruction and assessment. Each big idea offers a starting task followed by:

  • what makes it a high-quality task
  • what you might anticipate before students work with the task
  • 4 student examples of the completed task showcasing a distinct “gap”
  • commentary on what precisely counts for mathematical understanding and the next instructional steps
  • commentary on the misconception or incomplete understanding so you learn why the student veered off course 
  • three additional tasks aligned to the mathematics topic and ideas about what students might do with these additional tasks.

It’s time to break our habit of rushing into re-teaching for correctness and instead get curious about the space between right and wrong answers. Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding is a book you will return to again and again to get better at selecting tasks that will uncover students’ reasoning—better at discerning the quality and clarity of students’ understanding—and better at planning teaching based on the gaps you see. 


Table Of Contents:

  • Big Ideas & Tasks at a Glance
  • Acknowledgments
  • Publisher’s Acknowledgments
  • About the Author
  • Introduction
  • CHAPTER 1: RICH MATHEMATICS TASKS, STUDENT MISCONCEPTIONS, USING TASKS
  • CHAPTER 2: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION WITHIN 1,000
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 1: Adding Within 1,000
  • 2: Reasoning About Addition Within 1,000
  • 3: Subtraction Within 1,000
  • 4: Reasoning About Subtraction Within 1,000
  • 5: Problem Solving With Addition and Subtraction
  • CHAPTER 3: MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 6: Representing Multiplication
  • 7: Reasoning About Multiplication
  • 8: Properties of Multiplication
  • 9: Representing Division
  • 10: Reasoning About Division
  • 11: Problem Solving With Multiplication and Division
  • 12: Connecting Multiplication and Division
  • 13: Representing Multi-Digit Multiplication
  • 14: Reasoning About Multi-Digit Multiplication
  • 15: Representing Multi-Digit Division
  • 16: Reasoning About Multi-Digit Division
  • CHAPTER 4: FOUNDATIONAL FRACTION CONCEPTS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 17: Representing Fractions
  • 18: Connecting Representations of Fractions
  • 19: Fractions on a Number Line
  • 20: Fractions Greater Than 1 on a Number Line
  • 21: Decomposing Fractions
  • 22: Equivalent Fractions on a Number Line
  • 23: Comparing Fractions
  • 24: Reasoning About Fractions
  • 25: More Reasoning About Fractions
  • CHAPTER 5: DECIMAL CONCEPTS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 26: Representing Decimals
  • 27: Representing Decimals as Numbers
  • 28: Estimating and Rounding Decimals
  • 29: Decomposing Decimals
  • 30: Comparing Decimals
  • 31: Addition With Decimals
  • 32: Subtracting With Decimals
  • 33: Problem Solving With Decimals
  • CHAPTER 6: ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION WITH FRACTIONS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 34: Addition With Fractions on Number Lines
  • 35: Reasoning About Addition With Fractions
  • 36: Subtraction With Fractions
  • 37: Reasoning About Subtraction With Fractions
  • 38: Problem Solving With Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
  • 39: Addition and Subtraction With Mixed Numbers
  • CHAPTER 7: MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION WITH FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS
  • BIG IDEAS
  • 40: Multiplication of Fractions
  • 41: More With Multiplication of Fractions
  • 42: Division With Fractions
  • 43: Problem Solving With Multiplication and Division of Fractions
  • 44: Multiplication With Decimals
  • 45: Division With Decimals
  • CHAPTER 8: WHAT DO WE DO NEXT?
  • References and Additional Resources

Recent Product Reviews:

“Wow! Mine the Gap for grades 3–5 teachers really unpacks! Not only does the book provide dozens of great mathematical tasks, but—perhaps more importantly—it gives teachers the chance to consider each task; anticipate student responses—a critical first step in formative assessment; analyze actual student responses; and then consider what they would do in the classroom. Thoughts about modifying each task provide another option for each task. At a time when teachers are encouraged to regularly provide students with tasks that promote reasoning and problem solving, this book will help teachers dig deeper as they mine for understandings.”
Francis (Skip) Fennell, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
“Too often students (and parents and teachers) have the notion that the goal in math should be to get the right answer. Yet insight into misconceptions and students’ thinking can tell us much more about what students know (and don’t know) beyond simply a correct or incorrect answer. SanGiovanni offers teachers a treasure trove of rich tasks and student work on those tasks. Examples of how to analyze student thinking and next instructional steps make this a volume that should be on every 3–5 math teacher’s desk!”
Linda Gojak, National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics
“This work does what other books only attempt to do. It combines instruction, assessment, and practice with open-ended and rich tasks that allow for teachers to not only immediately implement the ideas but also understand the content and pedagogy behind them. The tasks, which are immediately implementable and customizable, engage each and every learner. They are based on cutting edge and research-based instructional frameworks and provide countless learning opportunities for students.”
Zachary Champagne, Florida Center for Research in Science, Technology and Mathematics at Florida State University
“Mine the Gap for Mathematical Understanding is a much-needed and anticipated resource for teachers, mathematics coaches, mathematics specialists, administrators, and other stakeholders. The easy to follow, teacher-friendly format, the accompanying commentary for each student work sample, along with the thoughtful reflection questions will quickly make this resource a ‘go to’ professional development tool.”
Latrenda Knighten, East Baton Rouge Parish School System, Baton Rouge, LA
“Mine the Gap is a great tool for teachers to use to grow their own understanding of student misconceptions and incomplete understandings and how to address them. This is an indispensable resource for all involved in supporting students’ growth in mathematics.”
Nathan Rosin, Sun Prairie Area School District

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