Developing Mathematical Reasoning
Purchase
Description
Math is not rote-memorizable. Math is not random-guessable. Math is figure-out-able.
Author Pamela Weber Harris argues that teaching real math—math that is free of distortions—will reach more students more effectively and result in deeper understanding and longer retention. This book is about teaching undistorted math using the kinds of mental reasoning that mathematicians do.
Memorization tricks and algorithms meant to make math “easier” are full of traps that sacrifice long-term student growth for short-lived gains. Students and teachers alike have been led to believe that they’ve learned more and more math, but in reality their brains never get any stronger. Using these tricks may make facts easier to memorize in isolation, but that very disconnect distorts the reality of math.
In her landmark book Developing Mathematical Reasoning: Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms, Pam emphasized the importance of teaching students increasingly sophisticated mathematical reasoning and understanding underlying concepts rather than relying on a set rule for solving problems. Now, in this first companion volume, Developing Mathematical Reasoning: The Strategies, Models, and Lessons to Teach the Big Ideas in Grades K-2, she demonstrates how counting and additive strategies serve as the foundation for creating efficient, accurate, and flexible thinkers.
Everyone is capable of understanding and doing real math. This book:
- Gives step-by-step guidance on how to teach the strategies, models, and big ideas that foster confidence and long-term success, preparing students for increasingly complex mathematical challenges
- Offers the “what to do” to teach counting, addition, and subtraction in ways that promote reasoning over rote memorization
- Provides practical tools such as problem strings, models, classroom routines, and discussion questions designed to implement reasoning-based practices
- Includes supporting resources for creating a classroom culture where students see math as figure-out-able and gain confidence as mathematical thinkers
By addressing common misconceptions about math and providing practical strategies for teaching real math, this book shows that everyone can use the mathematical relationships they already know to reason about new relationships. In other words, everyone can math—even the very youngest students!
Contents
Preface
- About This Book
- Language Use in This Book
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
About the Author
About the Author
PART I: SETTING THE STAGE
- Chapter 1: MATHEMATICS FOR TEACHING
- What’s the Purpose of Learning Math?
- The Development of Mathematical Reasoning
- Major Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
PART II: DEVELOPING COUNTING AND COUNTING STRATEGIES
- Chapter 2: ALL ABOUT COUNTING
- The Difference Between Counting and Counting Strategies
- Foundations of Number
- How to Develop Counting
- The Number Sequence in the Teens
- The Number Sequence After the Teens
- Meaning of Decades
- Student Interview
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 3: COUNTING STRATEGIES
- About Counting Strategies
- Early Counting Strategies
- The Counting On, Counting Back Strategy
- Problem Types
- Developing Counting Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
PART III: DEVELOPING ADDITIVE REASONING
- Chapter 4: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR ADDITION WITHIN 20
- Additive Reasoning
- Additive Strategies
- Developing Addition Within 20
- The Get to 10 Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Using Doubles to Add Strategy
- The Add 10 and Adjust Strategy
- Comparing the Single-Digit Addition Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 5: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR SUBTRACTION WITHIN 20
- Developing Subtraction Within 20
- The Remove to 10 Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Using Doubles to Subtract Strategy
- The Remove 10 and Adjust Strategy
- Finding the Distance/Difference Strategy
- Comparing the Single-Digit Subtraction Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 6: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR DOUBLE-DIGIT ADDITION
- Developing Multi-Digit Addition Strategies
- The Splitting by Place Value Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Add a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Get to a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Add a Friendly Number Over Strategy
- The Give and Take Strategy
- Comparing the Major Addition Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 7: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR MULTI-DIGIT SUBTRACTION
- Developing Multi-Digit Subtraction Strategies
- The Remove by Place Value Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Remove a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Remove to a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Remove a Friendly Number Over Strategy
- Finding the Distance/Difference Strategy
- The Constant Difference Strategy
- Comparing the Major Strategies for Multi-Digit Subtraction
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
PART IV: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
- Chapter 8: TASKS TO DEVELOP MATHEMATICAL REASONING
- Sequencing Tasks
- Problem Strings
- Other Instructional Routines
- Games
- Hint Cards
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 9: MODELING AND MODELS
- Strategies Versus Models
- The Many Meanings of Model
- Exploring Models by Their Best Uses
- Our Modeling Framework
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 10: MOVING FORWARD
- Mentor Mathematicians
- Where to Start
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- References
- Index
Additional materials
Description
Math is not rote-memorizable. Math is not random-guessable. Math is figure-out-able.
Author Pamela Weber Harris argues that teaching real math—math that is free of distortions—will reach more students more effectively and result in deeper understanding and longer retention. This book is about teaching undistorted math using the kinds of mental reasoning that mathematicians do.
Memorization tricks and algorithms meant to make math “easier” are full of traps that sacrifice long-term student growth for short-lived gains. Students and teachers alike have been led to believe that they’ve learned more and more math, but in reality their brains never get any stronger. Using these tricks may make facts easier to memorize in isolation, but that very disconnect distorts the reality of math.
In her landmark book Developing Mathematical Reasoning: Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms, Pam emphasized the importance of teaching students increasingly sophisticated mathematical reasoning and understanding underlying concepts rather than relying on a set rule for solving problems. Now, in this first companion volume, Developing Mathematical Reasoning: The Strategies, Models, and Lessons to Teach the Big Ideas in Grades K-2, she demonstrates how counting and additive strategies serve as the foundation for creating efficient, accurate, and flexible thinkers.
Everyone is capable of understanding and doing real math. This book:
- Gives step-by-step guidance on how to teach the strategies, models, and big ideas that foster confidence and long-term success, preparing students for increasingly complex mathematical challenges
- Offers the “what to do” to teach counting, addition, and subtraction in ways that promote reasoning over rote memorization
- Provides practical tools such as problem strings, models, classroom routines, and discussion questions designed to implement reasoning-based practices
- Includes supporting resources for creating a classroom culture where students see math as figure-out-able and gain confidence as mathematical thinkers
By addressing common misconceptions about math and providing practical strategies for teaching real math, this book shows that everyone can use the mathematical relationships they already know to reason about new relationships. In other words, everyone can math—even the very youngest students!
Contents
Preface
- About This Book
- Language Use in This Book
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
About the Author
About the Author
PART I: SETTING THE STAGE
- Chapter 1: MATHEMATICS FOR TEACHING
- What’s the Purpose of Learning Math?
- The Development of Mathematical Reasoning
- Major Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
PART II: DEVELOPING COUNTING AND COUNTING STRATEGIES
- Chapter 2: ALL ABOUT COUNTING
- The Difference Between Counting and Counting Strategies
- Foundations of Number
- How to Develop Counting
- The Number Sequence in the Teens
- The Number Sequence After the Teens
- Meaning of Decades
- Student Interview
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 3: COUNTING STRATEGIES
- About Counting Strategies
- Early Counting Strategies
- The Counting On, Counting Back Strategy
- Problem Types
- Developing Counting Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
PART III: DEVELOPING ADDITIVE REASONING
- Chapter 4: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR ADDITION WITHIN 20
- Additive Reasoning
- Additive Strategies
- Developing Addition Within 20
- The Get to 10 Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Using Doubles to Add Strategy
- The Add 10 and Adjust Strategy
- Comparing the Single-Digit Addition Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 5: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR SUBTRACTION WITHIN 20
- Developing Subtraction Within 20
- The Remove to 10 Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Using Doubles to Subtract Strategy
- The Remove 10 and Adjust Strategy
- Finding the Distance/Difference Strategy
- Comparing the Single-Digit Subtraction Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 6: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR DOUBLE-DIGIT ADDITION
- Developing Multi-Digit Addition Strategies
- The Splitting by Place Value Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Add a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Get to a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Add a Friendly Number Over Strategy
- The Give and Take Strategy
- Comparing the Major Addition Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 7: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR MULTI-DIGIT SUBTRACTION
- Developing Multi-Digit Subtraction Strategies
- The Remove by Place Value Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Remove a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Remove to a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Remove a Friendly Number Over Strategy
- Finding the Distance/Difference Strategy
- The Constant Difference Strategy
- Comparing the Major Strategies for Multi-Digit Subtraction
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
PART IV: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
- Chapter 8: TASKS TO DEVELOP MATHEMATICAL REASONING
- Sequencing Tasks
- Problem Strings
- Other Instructional Routines
- Games
- Hint Cards
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 9: MODELING AND MODELS
- Strategies Versus Models
- The Many Meanings of Model
- Exploring Models by Their Best Uses
- Our Modeling Framework
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 10: MOVING FORWARD
- Mentor Mathematicians
- Where to Start
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- References
- Index
Additional materials
Reviews
Developing Mathematical Reasoning
The Strategies, Models, and Lessons to Teach the Big Ideas in Grades K-2
September 2025 | 320 pages | Corwin
| Format | Published Date | ISBN | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paperback | 01/02/2026 | 9781071967546 | $40.95 |
| Lifetime | 01/02/2026 | 9781071928974 | $37.00 |
Math is not rote-memorizable. Math is not random-guessable. Math is figure-out-able.
Author Pamela Weber Harris argues that teaching real math—math that is free of distortions—will reach more students more effectively and result in deeper understanding and longer retention. This book is about teaching undistorted math using the kinds of mental reasoning that mathematicians do.
Memorization tricks and algorithms meant to make math “easier” are full of traps that sacrifice long-term student growth for short-lived gains. Students and teachers alike have been led to believe that they’ve learned more and more math, but in reality their brains never get any stronger. Using these tricks may make facts easier to memorize in isolation, but that very disconnect distorts the reality of math.
In her landmark book Developing Mathematical Reasoning: Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms, Pam emphasized the importance of teaching students increasingly sophisticated mathematical reasoning and understanding underlying concepts rather than relying on a set rule for solving problems. Now, in this first companion volume, Developing Mathematical Reasoning: The Strategies, Models, and Lessons to Teach the Big Ideas in Grades K-2, she demonstrates how counting and additive strategies serve as the foundation for creating efficient, accurate, and flexible thinkers.
Everyone is capable of understanding and doing real math. This book:
- Gives step-by-step guidance on how to teach the strategies, models, and big ideas that foster confidence and long-term success, preparing students for increasingly complex mathematical challenges
- Offers the “what to do” to teach counting, addition, and subtraction in ways that promote reasoning over rote memorization
- Provides practical tools such as problem strings, models, classroom routines, and discussion questions designed to implement reasoning-based practices
- Includes supporting resources for creating a classroom culture where students see math as figure-out-able and gain confidence as mathematical thinkers
By addressing common misconceptions about math and providing practical strategies for teaching real math, this book shows that everyone can use the mathematical relationships they already know to reason about new relationships. In other words, everyone can math—even the very youngest students!
Table Of Contents:
- Preface
- About This Book
- Language Use in This Book
- Acknowledgments
- About the Author
- PART I: SETTING THE STAGE
- Chapter 1: MATHEMATICS FOR TEACHING
- What’s the Purpose of Learning Math?
- The Development of Mathematical Reasoning
- Major Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- PART II: DEVELOPING COUNTING AND COUNTING STRATEGIES
- Chapter 2: ALL ABOUT COUNTING
- The Difference Between Counting and Counting Strategies
- Foundations of Number
- How to Develop Counting
- The Number Sequence in the Teens
- The Number Sequence After the Teens
- Meaning of Decades
- Student Interview
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 3: COUNTING STRATEGIES
- About Counting Strategies
- Early Counting Strategies
- The Counting On, Counting Back Strategy
- Problem Types
- Developing Counting Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- PART III: DEVELOPING ADDITIVE REASONING
- Chapter 4: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR ADDITION WITHIN 20
- Additive Reasoning
- Additive Strategies
- Developing Addition Within 20
- The Get to 10 Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Using Doubles to Add Strategy
- The Add 10 and Adjust Strategy
- Comparing the Single-Digit Addition Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 5: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR SUBTRACTION WITHIN 20
- Developing Subtraction Within 20
- The Remove to 10 Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Using Doubles to Subtract Strategy
- The Remove 10 and Adjust Strategy
- Finding the Distance/Difference Strategy
- Comparing the Single-Digit Subtraction Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 6: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR DOUBLE-DIGIT ADDITION
- Developing Multi-Digit Addition Strategies
- The Splitting by Place Value Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Add a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Get to a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Add a Friendly Number Over Strategy
- The Give and Take Strategy
- Comparing the Major Addition Strategies
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 7: THE MAJOR STRATEGIES FOR MULTI-DIGIT SUBTRACTION
- Developing Multi-Digit Subtraction Strategies
- The Remove by Place Value Strategy
- The Next Two Major Strategies
- The Remove a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Remove to a Friendly Number Strategy
- The Remove a Friendly Number Over Strategy
- Finding the Distance/Difference Strategy
- The Constant Difference Strategy
- Comparing the Major Strategies for Multi-Digit Subtraction
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- PART IV: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
- Chapter 8: TASKS TO DEVELOP MATHEMATICAL REASONING
- Sequencing Tasks
- Problem Strings
- Other Instructional Routines
- Games
- Hint Cards
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 9: MODELING AND MODELS
- Strategies Versus Models
- The Many Meanings of Model
- Exploring Models by Their Best Uses
- Our Modeling Framework
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- Chapter 10: MOVING FORWARD
- Mentor Mathematicians
- Where to Start
- Conclusion
- Discussion Questions
- References
- Index