Developing Mathematical Reasoning

The Strategies, Models, and Lessons to Teach the Big Ideas in Grades 6-8
Developing Mathematical Reasoning
September 2026 | 328 pages | Corwin
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ISBN: 9798348864248
Available from September 2026
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ISBN: 9798348831394
Available from September 2026

Description

Math is not rote-memorizable. Math is not random-guessable. Math is figure-out-able.

Author Pamela Weber Harris argues that teaching real math—math that is free of distortions—will reach more students more effectively and result in deeper understanding and longer retention. This book is about teaching undistorted math using the kinds of mental reasoning that mathematicians do.

Memorization tricks and algorithms meant to make math “easier” are full of traps that sacrifice long-term student growth for short-lived gains. Students and teachers alike have been led to believe that they’ve learned more and more math as they move through the content, but in reality students are not necessarily progressing in their ability to reason mathematically.

Using tricks may make facts easier to memorize in isolation, but that very disconnect distorts the reality of math. The mountain of trivia piles up until students hit a breaking point. Humanity's most powerful system of understanding, organizing, and making an impact on the world becomes a soul-draining exercise in confusion, chaos, and lost opportunities.

In her landmark book Developing Mathematical Reasoning: Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms, Pam emphasized the importance of teaching students increasingly sophisticated mathematical reasoning and understanding underlying concepts rather than relying on set rules for solving problems. This grades 6–8 companion volume equips you to confidently tackle traditionally difficult topics like integer operations, ratios, and reasoning proportionally. Key features include:

  • Reasoning-based strategies: Replace traditional algorithms with approaches that build critical thinking while ensuring understanding
  • Problem Strings: Step-by-step guidance on using sequenced problems to spark insight and make thinking visible
  • Practical Tools: Ready-to-use routines, discussion prompts, and modeling techniques for immediate classroom application

Learn how to teach undistorted math so every student can think mathematically rather than memorize. By shifting from procedures to sense-making, you’ll help your middle schoolers build the flexible mathematical brains they need to thrive.

Contents

Preface

  • About This Book
  • Language Use in This Book

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

About the Author

About the Author

PART I: SETTING THE STAGE

  • CHAPTER 1: MATHEMATICS FOR TEACHING
  • What’s the Purpose of Learning Math?
  • The Development of Mathematical Reasoning
  • Spatial, Algebraic, and Statistical Reasoning
  • Major Strategies
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions

PART II: DEVELOPING ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE REASONING

  • CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPING ADDITIVE REASONING
  • Additive Reasoning
  • Important Foundations
  • The Major Addition Strategies
  • The Foundational Addition Strategies
  • The Add a Friendly Number Over Strategy
  • The Give and Take Strategy
  • Comparing Major Addition Strategies
  • The Major Subtraction Strategies
  • The Early Strategies: Remove a Friendly Number and Remove to a Friendly Number
  • The Remove a Friendly Number Over Strategy
  • Finding the Distance/Difference With the Constant Difference Strategy
  • Comparing Major Subtraction Strategies
  • Implications for Developing Mathematical Reasoning
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 3: DEVELOPING MULTIPLICATIVE REASONING
  • Multiplicative Reasoning
  • Important Foundations
  • The Major Multiplication Strategies
  • Multiplication Strategies That Are More Additive
  • Multiplication Strategies That Are More Multiplicative
  • The Most Multiplicative Major Multiplication Strategies
  • Comparing Major Multiplication Strategies
  • The Major Division Strategies
  • Division Strategies That Are More Additive
  • A More Multiplicative Division Strategy
  • The Most Multiplicative Major Division Strategy
  • Comparing Major Division Strategies
  • Implications for Developing Mathematical Reasoning
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions

PART III: DEVELOPING PROPORTIONAL REASONING

  • CHAPTER 4: DEVELOPING PROPORTIONAL REASONING
  • Proportional Reasoning
  • It’s All Interconnected!
  • Important Foundations
  • Interpretations of Ratio
  • Inverse Proportions
  • Toward Functional Reasoning
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 5: PROPORTIONAL REASONING STRATEGIES
  • Solving Proportions
  • Scaling in Tandem From Unit to Non-Unit Rates
  • Models to Build Proportional Reasoning Strategies
  • Strategies for Solving Proportions
  • The Scale Up to Scale Down Strategy
  • The Scale Down to Scale Up Strategy
  • The Scale in One Fell Swoop Strategy
  • Generalizing the Relationships in Solving Proportions
  • Percentage Strategies
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions

PART IV: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER

  • CHAPTER 6: TASKS TO DEVELOP MATHEMATICAL REASONING
  • Sequencing Tasks
  • Problem Strings
  • Other Instructional Routines
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 7: MODELING AND MODELS
  • Strategies Versus Models
  • The Many Meanings of Model
  • Exploring Models by Their Best Uses
  • Our Modeling Framework
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 8: MOVING FORWARD
  • Where to Start
  • If You’re Ready to Shift
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • References
  • Index

Description

Math is not rote-memorizable. Math is not random-guessable. Math is figure-out-able.

Author Pamela Weber Harris argues that teaching real math—math that is free of distortions—will reach more students more effectively and result in deeper understanding and longer retention. This book is about teaching undistorted math using the kinds of mental reasoning that mathematicians do.

Memorization tricks and algorithms meant to make math “easier” are full of traps that sacrifice long-term student growth for short-lived gains. Students and teachers alike have been led to believe that they’ve learned more and more math as they move through the content, but in reality students are not necessarily progressing in their ability to reason mathematically.

Using tricks may make facts easier to memorize in isolation, but that very disconnect distorts the reality of math. The mountain of trivia piles up until students hit a breaking point. Humanity's most powerful system of understanding, organizing, and making an impact on the world becomes a soul-draining exercise in confusion, chaos, and lost opportunities.

In her landmark book Developing Mathematical Reasoning: Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms, Pam emphasized the importance of teaching students increasingly sophisticated mathematical reasoning and understanding underlying concepts rather than relying on set rules for solving problems. This grades 6–8 companion volume equips you to confidently tackle traditionally difficult topics like integer operations, ratios, and reasoning proportionally. Key features include:

  • Reasoning-based strategies: Replace traditional algorithms with approaches that build critical thinking while ensuring understanding
  • Problem Strings: Step-by-step guidance on using sequenced problems to spark insight and make thinking visible
  • Practical Tools: Ready-to-use routines, discussion prompts, and modeling techniques for immediate classroom application

Learn how to teach undistorted math so every student can think mathematically rather than memorize. By shifting from procedures to sense-making, you’ll help your middle schoolers build the flexible mathematical brains they need to thrive.

Contents

Preface

  • About This Book
  • Language Use in This Book

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

About the Author

About the Author

PART I: SETTING THE STAGE

  • CHAPTER 1: MATHEMATICS FOR TEACHING
  • What’s the Purpose of Learning Math?
  • The Development of Mathematical Reasoning
  • Spatial, Algebraic, and Statistical Reasoning
  • Major Strategies
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions

PART II: DEVELOPING ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE REASONING

  • CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPING ADDITIVE REASONING
  • Additive Reasoning
  • Important Foundations
  • The Major Addition Strategies
  • The Foundational Addition Strategies
  • The Add a Friendly Number Over Strategy
  • The Give and Take Strategy
  • Comparing Major Addition Strategies
  • The Major Subtraction Strategies
  • The Early Strategies: Remove a Friendly Number and Remove to a Friendly Number
  • The Remove a Friendly Number Over Strategy
  • Finding the Distance/Difference With the Constant Difference Strategy
  • Comparing Major Subtraction Strategies
  • Implications for Developing Mathematical Reasoning
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 3: DEVELOPING MULTIPLICATIVE REASONING
  • Multiplicative Reasoning
  • Important Foundations
  • The Major Multiplication Strategies
  • Multiplication Strategies That Are More Additive
  • Multiplication Strategies That Are More Multiplicative
  • The Most Multiplicative Major Multiplication Strategies
  • Comparing Major Multiplication Strategies
  • The Major Division Strategies
  • Division Strategies That Are More Additive
  • A More Multiplicative Division Strategy
  • The Most Multiplicative Major Division Strategy
  • Comparing Major Division Strategies
  • Implications for Developing Mathematical Reasoning
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions

PART III: DEVELOPING PROPORTIONAL REASONING

  • CHAPTER 4: DEVELOPING PROPORTIONAL REASONING
  • Proportional Reasoning
  • It’s All Interconnected!
  • Important Foundations
  • Interpretations of Ratio
  • Inverse Proportions
  • Toward Functional Reasoning
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 5: PROPORTIONAL REASONING STRATEGIES
  • Solving Proportions
  • Scaling in Tandem From Unit to Non-Unit Rates
  • Models to Build Proportional Reasoning Strategies
  • Strategies for Solving Proportions
  • The Scale Up to Scale Down Strategy
  • The Scale Down to Scale Up Strategy
  • The Scale in One Fell Swoop Strategy
  • Generalizing the Relationships in Solving Proportions
  • Percentage Strategies
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions

PART IV: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER

  • CHAPTER 6: TASKS TO DEVELOP MATHEMATICAL REASONING
  • Sequencing Tasks
  • Problem Strings
  • Other Instructional Routines
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 7: MODELING AND MODELS
  • Strategies Versus Models
  • The Many Meanings of Model
  • Exploring Models by Their Best Uses
  • Our Modeling Framework
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 8: MOVING FORWARD
  • Where to Start
  • If You’re Ready to Shift
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • References
  • Index
SAGE Publishing Logo

Developing Mathematical Reasoning

The Strategies, Models, and Lessons to Teach the Big Ideas in Grades 6-8


September 2026 | 328 pages | Corwin

Format Published Date ISBN Price
Paperback 03/03/2026 9798348831394 $40.95
Lifetime 11/03/2026 9798348864248 $37.00

Math is not rote-memorizable. Math is not random-guessable. Math is figure-out-able.

Author Pamela Weber Harris argues that teaching real math—math that is free of distortions—will reach more students more effectively and result in deeper understanding and longer retention. This book is about teaching undistorted math using the kinds of mental reasoning that mathematicians do.

Memorization tricks and algorithms meant to make math “easier” are full of traps that sacrifice long-term student growth for short-lived gains. Students and teachers alike have been led to believe that they’ve learned more and more math as they move through the content, but in reality students are not necessarily progressing in their ability to reason mathematically.

Using tricks may make facts easier to memorize in isolation, but that very disconnect distorts the reality of math. The mountain of trivia piles up until students hit a breaking point. Humanity's most powerful system of understanding, organizing, and making an impact on the world becomes a soul-draining exercise in confusion, chaos, and lost opportunities.

In her landmark book Developing Mathematical Reasoning: Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms, Pam emphasized the importance of teaching students increasingly sophisticated mathematical reasoning and understanding underlying concepts rather than relying on set rules for solving problems. This grades 6–8 companion volume equips you to confidently tackle traditionally difficult topics like integer operations, ratios, and reasoning proportionally. Key features include:

  • Reasoning-based strategies: Replace traditional algorithms with approaches that build critical thinking while ensuring understanding
  • Problem Strings: Step-by-step guidance on using sequenced problems to spark insight and make thinking visible
  • Practical Tools: Ready-to-use routines, discussion prompts, and modeling techniques for immediate classroom application

Learn how to teach undistorted math so every student can think mathematically rather than memorize. By shifting from procedures to sense-making, you’ll help your middle schoolers build the flexible mathematical brains they need to thrive.


Table Of Contents:

  • Preface
  • About This Book
  • Language Use in This Book
  • Acknowledgments
  • About the Author
  • PART I: SETTING THE STAGE
  • CHAPTER 1: MATHEMATICS FOR TEACHING
  • What’s the Purpose of Learning Math?
  • The Development of Mathematical Reasoning
  • Spatial, Algebraic, and Statistical Reasoning
  • Major Strategies
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • PART II: DEVELOPING ADDITIVE AND MULTIPLICATIVE REASONING
  • CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPING ADDITIVE REASONING
  • Additive Reasoning
  • Important Foundations
  • The Major Addition Strategies
  • The Foundational Addition Strategies
  • The Add a Friendly Number Over Strategy
  • The Give and Take Strategy
  • Comparing Major Addition Strategies
  • The Major Subtraction Strategies
  • The Early Strategies: Remove a Friendly Number and Remove to a Friendly Number
  • The Remove a Friendly Number Over Strategy
  • Finding the Distance/Difference With the Constant Difference Strategy
  • Comparing Major Subtraction Strategies
  • Implications for Developing Mathematical Reasoning
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 3: DEVELOPING MULTIPLICATIVE REASONING
  • Multiplicative Reasoning
  • Important Foundations
  • The Major Multiplication Strategies
  • Multiplication Strategies That Are More Additive
  • Multiplication Strategies That Are More Multiplicative
  • The Most Multiplicative Major Multiplication Strategies
  • Comparing Major Multiplication Strategies
  • The Major Division Strategies
  • Division Strategies That Are More Additive
  • A More Multiplicative Division Strategy
  • The Most Multiplicative Major Division Strategy
  • Comparing Major Division Strategies
  • Implications for Developing Mathematical Reasoning
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • PART III: DEVELOPING PROPORTIONAL REASONING
  • CHAPTER 4: DEVELOPING PROPORTIONAL REASONING
  • Proportional Reasoning
  • It’s All Interconnected!
  • Important Foundations
  • Interpretations of Ratio
  • Inverse Proportions
  • Toward Functional Reasoning
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 5: PROPORTIONAL REASONING STRATEGIES
  • Solving Proportions
  • Scaling in Tandem From Unit to Non-Unit Rates
  • Models to Build Proportional Reasoning Strategies
  • Strategies for Solving Proportions
  • The Scale Up to Scale Down Strategy
  • The Scale Down to Scale Up Strategy
  • The Scale in One Fell Swoop Strategy
  • Generalizing the Relationships in Solving Proportions
  • Percentage Strategies
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • PART IV: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
  • CHAPTER 6: TASKS TO DEVELOP MATHEMATICAL REASONING
  • Sequencing Tasks
  • Problem Strings
  • Other Instructional Routines
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 7: MODELING AND MODELS
  • Strategies Versus Models
  • The Many Meanings of Model
  • Exploring Models by Their Best Uses
  • Our Modeling Framework
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • CHAPTER 8: MOVING FORWARD
  • Where to Start
  • If You’re Ready to Shift
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • References
  • Index

Recent Product Reviews:

Through real classroom interactions, deep mathematical analysis, and thoughtfully constructed problem strings, Pam Harris shows us how additive reasoning, multiplicative reasoning, and proportional reasoning are connected and figure-out-able. This is a must-read book for anyone who is striving to teach 6-8 math in a way that makes it make sense.
Peter Liljedahl, Simon Fraser University
Pam Harris makes the often-messy work of ‘reasoning over rules’ feel concrete and teachable—showing middle grade teachers how to move students beyond algorithm-following into real mathematical thinking. With clear learning progressions and practical routines like Problem Strings that help students see the math and make sense of relationships, this book is both a mindset shift and a ready-to-use roadmap.
John SanGiovanni, Howard County Public Schools
Pam Harris has written the book teachers have long needed. Fractions and proportional reasoning are the bedrock of algebraic thinking, and she makes both accessible with practical, research-grounded strategies. This book doesn’t just build understanding—it helps both students and teachers reclaim their confidence.
Pamela Seda
Pam Harris has done it again! This book is a masterclass in understanding and teaching middle school math concepts. Whether you are new to teaching middle school math and looking for a foundation to build from or a veteran looking to deepen your understanding, Developing Mathematical Reasoning is a must-have resource. The demonstrative visuals and sample dialogues provide a rich learning experience for the brains of all teachers.
Liesl McConchie, Math With the Brain in Mind
Developing Mathematical Reasoning: The Strategies, Models, and Lessons to Teach the Big Ideas in Grades 6–8 is an energizing read that helps middle school teachers move students beyond procedures to making sense of ratios, proportional reasoning, and operations through purposeful tasks. The book feels immediately usable for Grades 6–8 classrooms, offering practical moves that strengthen conceptual understanding while building coherence across the middle school math curriculum.
Carrie S. Cutler, University of Houston

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