Table Of Contents:

• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Author
• Chapter 1. An Introduction to Learning
• The Gift of Knowledge
• A Definition of Learning
• Functionalism
• Behaviorism
• Thorndike
• Pavlov
• Watson
• The Ethics of Conducting Research
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 2. The Modification of Instinctive Behavior
• If Only This Time
• The Instinctive Basis of Behavior
• Habituation and Sensitization
• Dishabituation
• Learning in the Aplysia Californica
• Opponent-Process Theory
• The Addictive Process
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 3. Principles and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning
• A Lingering Fear
• Principles of Pavlovian Conditioning
• Temporal Relationships Between the Conditioned Stimulus and the Unconditioned Stimulus
• Conditions Affecting the Acquisition of a Conditioned Response
• Extinction of the Conditioned Response
• Other Inhibitory Processes
• A Conditioned Response Without Conditioned Stimulus– Unconditioned Stimulus Pairings
• Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 4. Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning
• He Never Saw It Coming
• The Nature of the Conditioned Response
• Stimulus-Substitution Theory
• The Conditioning of an Opponent Response
• Sometimes-Opponent-Process Theory
• The Nature of the Pavlovian Conditioning Process
• Rescorla–Wagner Associative Model
• The Unconditioned Stimulus Preexposure Effect
• The Potentiation of a Conditioned Response
• The Conditioned Stimulus Preexposure Effect
• The Cue Deflation Effect
• The Importance of Within-Compound Associations
• A Comparator Theory of Pavlovian Conditioning
• Mackintosh’s Attentional View
• The Retrospective Processing View
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 5. Principles and Applications of Appetitive Conditioning
• A Loss of Control
• The Legacy of B. F. Skinner
• Instrumental and Operant Conditioning
• Types of Reinforcement
• Shaping
• Schedules of Reinforcement
• How Readily Is an Instrumental or Operant Response Learned?
• Extinction of an Instrumental or Operant Response
• Partial Reinforcement and Resistance to Extinction
• Contingency Management
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 6. Principles and Applications of Aversive Conditioning
• A Good Spanking
• Principles of Aversive Conditioning
• Escape Conditioning
• Vicious Circle Behavior
• The Avoidance of Aversive Events
• Punishment
• Types of Punishment
• The Effectiveness of Punishment
• The Negative Consequences of Punishment
• Applications of Aversive Conditioning
• The Ethical Use of Punishment
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 7. Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning
• A Lack of Self-Control
• The Nature of Reinforcement
• Probability-Differential Theory
• Application: The Use of Activity Reinforcement
• Response Deprivation Theory
• Principles of Behavioral Economics
• The Pain of Failure
• The Nature of Avoidance Learning
• The Nature of Punishment
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 8. Biological Influences on Learning
• A Nauseating Experience
• Generality of the Laws of Learning
• A Behavior Systems Approach
• Animal Misbehavior
• Schedule-Induced Behavior
• Flavor Aversion Learning
• Flavor Preference Learning
• Imprinting
• The Avoidance of Aversive Events
• The Biology of Reinforcement
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 9. Traditional Learning Theories
• The Oldies But Goodies
• Traditional Learning Theories
• Hull’s Associative Theory
• An Evaluation of Associative Theory
• Spence’s Acquired Motive Approach
• Guthrie’s Contiguity View
• An Evaluation of Contiguity Theory
• Tolman’s Purposive Behaviorism
• An Evaluation of Purposive Behaviorism
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 10. Stimulus Control of Behavior
• A Disappointing Review
• The Stimulus Generalization Process
• Discrimination Learning
• Behavioral Contrast
• Occasion Setting
• Hull–Spence Theory of Discrimination Learning
• Errorless Discrimination Training
• The Transposition Effect
• Sutherland and Mackintosh’s Attentional View
• Continuity Versus Noncontinuity
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 11. Cognitive Control of Behavior
• The Insurmountable Barrier
• Tolman’s Purposive Behaviorism
• A Mental Representation of Events
• The Importance of Habits
• Learned Helplessness
• Hopelessness Theory of Depression
• The Neuroscience of Learned Helplessness
• A Cognitive View of Phobic Behavior
• Concept Learning
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 12. The Storage of Our Experiences
• A Fleeting Experience
• Measures of Memory
• A Three-Stage View of Memory Storage
• Sensory Register
• Short-Term Store
• A Rehearsal Systems Approach
• Long-Term Store
• The Neuroscience of Memory Storage
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Chapter 13. Memory Retrieval and Forgetting
• A Look Into the Past
• Memory Retrieval
• How Quickly We Forget
• Interference
• Reconstruction of the Past
• False Memory Syndrome
• Motivated Forgetting
• The Neuroscience of Memory Retrieval
• Application: Mnemonics
• Critical Thinking Questions
• Key Terms
• Glossary
• References
• Author Index
• Subject Index