Doing Realist Research

Ana Manzano - University of Leeds, UK
Mark Monaghan - University of Loughborough, UK
Sonia Dalkin - Northumbria University, UK
Doing Realist Research
June 2018 | 272 pages | Sage UK
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Paperback
ISBN: 9781473977891
Available from January 0001

Description

Bringing together leading theorists, researchers and policy makers with expertise in using realist methods, this book is a definitive guide to putting realist methodologies into practice.

Not just an overview of the field, this book looks to extend current debates and apply realist methods to new and practical challenges in social research. Featuring practical, worked examples of how to turn theory into evidence, it empowers readers not just to understand realist methods, but to use them.

It will help readers:

- Negotiate the complexity of relational systems

- Understand the importance and relevance of cumulative theory

- Address concerns over data sources and quality

- Be flexible and creative in realist approaches   

- Produce useful evidence for policy.

Sophisticated and globally minded, this book is the perfect addition to the ongoing development and application of realist methods across evaluation, synthesis, and social research.  

 

Contents

Introduction: Doing realist evaluation, synthesis and research

Introduction: Doing realist evaluation, synthesis and research

Chapter 1: The middle range methodology of realist evaluation

Chapter 1: The middle range methodology of realist evaluation

Chapter 2: Making up mechanisms in realist research

  • Realists need mechanisms, so what are they?
  • The epistemology and ontology of mechanisms
  • Measurement and evidence
  • Some mechanisms

Chapter 3: Understanding mechanisms in realist evaluation and research

  • Constructs of mechanism
  • Mechanisms in evaluation
  • Open systems
  • Alternate constructs of mechanism
  • Powers and liabilities
  • Interactions
  • Processes
  • Reasoning and resources
  • Multiple constructs of mechanism
  • Mechanisms and the context-mechanism relationship

Chapter 4: Making claims using realist methods

  • Historical context
  • Conducting realist evaluation: an illustration
  • The set-up
  • Enter middle-range theory
  • Tricks of the realist trade

Chapter 5: Theory and realist methods

  • Using realist evaluation in HPSR in low-resource settings
  • With which theory to start?
  • How to elicit the initial programme theory

Chapter 6: Researching complex large scale nested interventions

  • Large scale interventions
  • Defining boundaries
  • Traces of the conditions of a system

Chapter 7: Using realist approaches to explain the costs and cost-effectiveness of programmes

  • What are realist evaluations?
  • What are economic evaluations?
  • How are they different from realist evaluation?
  • Measurement vs explanation/theory-building
  • Creating localised vs generalizable knowledge
  • What would more explanatory economic evaluation look like?
  • Programme theories of cost-effectiveness – a worked example
  • Refining the theories of cost-effectiveness

Chapter 8: Data gathering for realist reviews

  • Gathering data
  • Relevant data
  • Programme theory
  • Rigour, data ‘quality’ and more...

Chapter 9: Scoping and searching to support realist approaches

  • The "realist search" and synthesis
  • Complementary searching techniques
  • The role of the information specialist in supporting realist approaches
  • Elements of a “realist search”
  • Sources of programme theories

Chapter 10: Evidence from realist research, its influence and impact

  • Impact debates
  • The emergence of the systematic review
  • Considering the emergence and reach of realist review
  • Some provisional lessons from and for realist review
  • Analysing impact

Chapter 11: Realist research, guidelines and the politics of evidence

  • EBM, clinical medicine and public health
  • Epistemic shifts
  • Developing the evidence base and guidelines in public health in practice
  • Guideline development
  • Realism and EBM meet realpolitik

Chapter 12: Realist memorabilia

  • The test of time
  • CMO revisited
  • Utilisation

Description

Bringing together leading theorists, researchers and policy makers with expertise in using realist methods, this book is a definitive guide to putting realist methodologies into practice.

Not just an overview of the field, this book looks to extend current debates and apply realist methods to new and practical challenges in social research. Featuring practical, worked examples of how to turn theory into evidence, it empowers readers not just to understand realist methods, but to use them.

It will help readers:

- Negotiate the complexity of relational systems

- Understand the importance and relevance of cumulative theory

- Address concerns over data sources and quality

- Be flexible and creative in realist approaches   

- Produce useful evidence for policy.

Sophisticated and globally minded, this book is the perfect addition to the ongoing development and application of realist methods across evaluation, synthesis, and social research.  

 

Contents

Introduction: Doing realist evaluation, synthesis and research

Introduction: Doing realist evaluation, synthesis and research

Chapter 1: The middle range methodology of realist evaluation

Chapter 1: The middle range methodology of realist evaluation

Chapter 2: Making up mechanisms in realist research

  • Realists need mechanisms, so what are they?
  • The epistemology and ontology of mechanisms
  • Measurement and evidence
  • Some mechanisms

Chapter 3: Understanding mechanisms in realist evaluation and research

  • Constructs of mechanism
  • Mechanisms in evaluation
  • Open systems
  • Alternate constructs of mechanism
  • Powers and liabilities
  • Interactions
  • Processes
  • Reasoning and resources
  • Multiple constructs of mechanism
  • Mechanisms and the context-mechanism relationship

Chapter 4: Making claims using realist methods

  • Historical context
  • Conducting realist evaluation: an illustration
  • The set-up
  • Enter middle-range theory
  • Tricks of the realist trade

Chapter 5: Theory and realist methods

  • Using realist evaluation in HPSR in low-resource settings
  • With which theory to start?
  • How to elicit the initial programme theory

Chapter 6: Researching complex large scale nested interventions

  • Large scale interventions
  • Defining boundaries
  • Traces of the conditions of a system

Chapter 7: Using realist approaches to explain the costs and cost-effectiveness of programmes

  • What are realist evaluations?
  • What are economic evaluations?
  • How are they different from realist evaluation?
  • Measurement vs explanation/theory-building
  • Creating localised vs generalizable knowledge
  • What would more explanatory economic evaluation look like?
  • Programme theories of cost-effectiveness – a worked example
  • Refining the theories of cost-effectiveness

Chapter 8: Data gathering for realist reviews

  • Gathering data
  • Relevant data
  • Programme theory
  • Rigour, data ‘quality’ and more...

Chapter 9: Scoping and searching to support realist approaches

  • The "realist search" and synthesis
  • Complementary searching techniques
  • The role of the information specialist in supporting realist approaches
  • Elements of a “realist search”
  • Sources of programme theories

Chapter 10: Evidence from realist research, its influence and impact

  • Impact debates
  • The emergence of the systematic review
  • Considering the emergence and reach of realist review
  • Some provisional lessons from and for realist review
  • Analysing impact

Chapter 11: Realist research, guidelines and the politics of evidence

  • EBM, clinical medicine and public health
  • Epistemic shifts
  • Developing the evidence base and guidelines in public health in practice
  • Guideline development
  • Realism and EBM meet realpolitik

Chapter 12: Realist memorabilia

  • The test of time
  • CMO revisited
  • Utilisation

June 2018 | 272 pages | Sage UK

Format Published Date ISBN Price
Paperback 31/03/2026 9781473977891 $96.00
Hardcover 31/03/2026 9781473977884 $184.00

Bringing together leading theorists, researchers and policy makers with expertise in using realist methods, this book is a definitive guide to putting realist methodologies into practice.

Not just an overview of the field, this book looks to extend current debates and apply realist methods to new and practical challenges in social research. Featuring practical, worked examples of how to turn theory into evidence, it empowers readers not just to understand realist methods, but to use them.

It will help readers:

- Negotiate the complexity of relational systems

- Understand the importance and relevance of cumulative theory

- Address concerns over data sources and quality

- Be flexible and creative in realist approaches   

- Produce useful evidence for policy.

Sophisticated and globally minded, this book is the perfect addition to the ongoing development and application of realist methods across evaluation, synthesis, and social research.  

 

Table Of Contents:

  • Introduction: Doing realist evaluation, synthesis and research
  • Chapter 1: The middle range methodology of realist evaluation
  • Chapter 2: Making up mechanisms in realist research
  • Realists need mechanisms, so what are they?
  • The epistemology and ontology of mechanisms
  • Measurement and evidence
  • Some mechanisms
  • Chapter 3: Understanding mechanisms in realist evaluation and research
  • Constructs of mechanism
  • Mechanisms in evaluation
  • Open systems
  • Alternate constructs of mechanism
  • Powers and liabilities
  • Interactions
  • Processes
  • Reasoning and resources
  • Multiple constructs of mechanism
  • Mechanisms and the context-mechanism relationship
  • Chapter 4: Making claims using realist methods
  • Historical context
  • Conducting realist evaluation: an illustration
  • The set-up
  • Enter middle-range theory
  • Tricks of the realist trade
  • Chapter 5: Theory and realist methods
  • Using realist evaluation in HPSR in low-resource settings
  • With which theory to start?
  • How to elicit the initial programme theory
  • Chapter 6: Researching complex large scale nested interventions
  • Large scale interventions
  • Defining boundaries
  • Traces of the conditions of a system
  • Chapter 7: Using realist approaches to explain the costs and cost-effectiveness of programmes
  • What are realist evaluations?
  • What are economic evaluations?
  • How are they different from realist evaluation?
  • Measurement vs explanation/theory-building
  • Creating localised vs generalizable knowledge
  • What would more explanatory economic evaluation look like?
  • Programme theories of cost-effectiveness – a worked example
  • Refining the theories of cost-effectiveness
  • Chapter 8: Data gathering for realist reviews
  • Gathering data
  • Relevant data
  • Programme theory
  • Rigour, data ‘quality’ and more...
  • Chapter 9: Scoping and searching to support realist approaches
  • The "realist search" and synthesis
  • Complementary searching techniques
  • The role of the information specialist in supporting realist approaches
  • Elements of a “realist search”
  • Sources of programme theories
  • Chapter 10: Evidence from realist research, its influence and impact
  • Impact debates
  • The emergence of the systematic review
  • Considering the emergence and reach of realist review
  • Some provisional lessons from and for realist review
  • Analysing impact
  • Chapter 11: Realist research, guidelines and the politics of evidence
  • EBM, clinical medicine and public health
  • Epistemic shifts
  • Developing the evidence base and guidelines in public health in practice
  • Guideline development
  • Realism and EBM meet realpolitik
  • Chapter 12: Realist memorabilia
  • The test of time
  • CMO revisited
  • Utilisation

Recent Product Reviews:

In using this book to inform my own research, in both public health and education, it was debates around the conceptualization of mechanisms (a central tenet in realist research), and the role of mechanisms within complex interventions and complex social environments which most captured my interest. These early chapters embody Campbell’s (1998) ‘disputative body of scholars’ as the widely accepted definition of mechanism is challenged, debated, and adapted to meet the needs of the research presented
Christina Cooper, Newcastle University
The clear explanations of Programme Theories, Contexts and Mechanisms enable the novice realist researcher to understand the methodology and design their study effectively. There were a number of helpful hints presented, such as the online PubVenn tool that graphically represents the fruits of a literature search. This is a must-have text-book for researchers undertaking a Realist Synthesis or a Realist Evaluation study, particularly masters and doctoral students
Kate Jack, Nursing Times
Doing Realist Research combines the foundations of the realist methodology with the very latest thinking in the application, and development, of the approach. From understanding mechanisms, and the formulation of programme theories, to understanding the role of complexity, and conducting economic evaluations. This engaging, easy to read book provides comprehensive advice and guidance for novices and experts alike.
Christina Cooper, Northumbria University
This important book provides detailed, practical advice on using realist theories and methods in program evaluation and social research. In particular, it is pathbreaking in demonstrating the value of integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches in realist research.
Joseph Maxwell, Education, George Mason University
This is the book the realist community has been asking for. It offers "tricks of the realist trade", with useful tips for realist researchers and evaluators in areas from eliciting program theory and data gathering to understanding mechanisms. Reading the book is like eavesdropping on leaders in the field as they discuss each others’ work, and indicate future directions for realist approaches.
Emma Williams, Credentialed Evaluator, Charles Darwin University

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