Table Of Contents:

• Chapter 1: The Philosophical and Ideological Underpinnings of Corrections
• Introduction: What Is Corrections?
• From Arrest to Punishment
• The Theoretical Underpinnings of Corrections
• Short History of Correctional Punishment
• The Emergence of Positivism: Should Punishment Fit the Offender or the Offense?
• The Function of Punishment
• The Philosophical Assumptions behind Justifications for Punishment
• The Major Punishment Justifications
• Retribution
• Deterrence
• Incapacitation
• Selective Incapacitation
• Rehabilitation
• Reintegration
• The Four Legal Traditions and Why They are Useful to Know
• The Due Process and Crime Control Models and Cultural Comparisons
• The Crime Control Model
• The Due Process Model
• Is the United States Hard or Soft on Crime?
• Chapter 2: Correctional History: Ancient Times–Colonial Jails
• Introduction: The Evolving Practice of Corrections
• Themes: Truths That Underlie Correctional Practice
• Early Punishments in Westernized Countries
• Enlightenment - Paradigm Shift
• Colonial Jails and Prisons
• Chapter 3: Correctional History: The 17th–20th Century
• Introduction: The Grand Reforms
• Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models
• Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed
• The Renewed Promise of Reform
• Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems, and Industrial Prisons
• Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?
• Themes That Prevail in Correctional History
• Chapter 4: Ethics and Corrections
• Introduction: To Do the Right Thing!
• Defining Ethics: What is Right (and Wrong)?
• Ethical Foundation For Professional Practice
• Why People Behave Unethically
• How to Prevent Unethical Behavior and to Promote Ethical Work Practices
• War on Drugs = Attack on Ethics?
• Chapter 5: Sentencing: The Application of Punishment
• What is Sentencing?
• Types of Sentences: Indeterminate, Determinate, and Mandatory
• Habitual Offender Statutes
• Other Types of Sentences: Shock, Split, and Non-Custodial Sentences
• Victim Impact Statements
• Sentencing by Civil Commitment for Sex Offenders
• Problem-Solving Courts
• Drug Courts
• Sentencing Disparity, Legitimate and Illegitimate
• Structuring Sentencing: The Presentence Investigation Report
• Structuring Sentencing: The Presentence Investigation Report
• Structured Sentencing: Sentencing Guidelines
• The Future of Sentencing Guidelines
• The American Correctional Association’s Statement on Sentencing
• Chapter 6: Jails
• Introduction: The Community Institution
• Jail Types
• Jail Inmates and Their Processing
• Overcrowding
• Gender, Juveniles, Race, and Ethnicity
• The Poor and the Mentally Ill
• Medical Problems
• Substance Abuse and Jails
• Suicides, Gangs and Sexual Violence in Jails
• Innovations in Jails: New Generation/Podular Direct Supervision Jails, Community Jails,
• Chapter 7: Community Corrections: Probation and Intermediary Sanctions
• The Origins of Probation
• Number and Demographic Characteristics of Offenders on Probation
• Why do we Need Community Corrections?
• The Probation Officer Role
• Models of Probation Supervision
• Probation Violations and Graduated Sanctions
• Probation Officer Stress
• Community Supervision and Recidivism
• Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism
• Intermediate Sanctions
• Work Release
• Intensive Supervision Probation
• Shock Probation/Parole and Boot Camps
• Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs (VORPs)
• Chapter 8: Prisons
• Introduction: The State of Prisons
• Prison Organizations
• Prison Value?
• Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience
• The Prison Subculture
• Gangs and the Prison Subculture
• Violence
• Solutions: Strategies to Reduce Violence, Mature Coping and Social Support
• Special Populations
• Chapter 9: The Corrections Experience for Staff
• Introduction
• The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs
• Why the Need to Require More Education and Training Exists
• Stanford Prison Experiment
• Organizational-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace
• Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace
• Correctional Roles
• The Subculture and Socialization
• Staff Interactions With Inmates
• Other Issues for Staff: Stress, Burnout, Turnover
• Ethics
• Perceived Benefits of Correctional Work
• Chapter 10: Community Corrections: Parole and Prisoner Reentry
• What is Parole?
• Parole Boards
• What Goes in Must Come Out: Prisoner Reentry into the Community
• The Impact of Imprisonment and Reentry on Communities
• What Makes for a Successful Reentry?
• Determining Parole “Success”
• Parole Violations and Graduated Sanctions
• Halfway Houses
• House Arrest, Electronic Monitoring, and Global Positioning Systems
• Concluding Remarks on Reenty and Recidivism
• Chapter 11: Women and Corrections
• Introduction
• History and Growth
• Current Figures on the Number of Women and Girls in Corrections
• Females in Corrections: Needs, Programming, Abuse, and Adjustment
• Female Correctional Officers
• Chapter 12: Minorities and Corrections
• Introduction
• Defining Race, Ethnicity, Disparity, and Discrimination
• A Legacy of Racism: African Americans, American Indians, Hispanics, Asian Americans
• The Connection Between Class and Race/Ethnicity
• Minorities: Policies and Practices That Have Resulted in Increased Incarceration
• Minorities: Adjustment to Incarceration
• Minorities Working in Corrections
• Chapter 13: Juveniles and Corrections
• Introduction: Delinquency and Status Offending
• The Extent of Delinquency
• The Juvenile Brain and Juvenile Behavior
• History and Philosophy of Juvenile Justice
• Childhood in the United States
• The Beginning of the Juvenile Courts
• Processing Juvenile Offenders
• Juveniles Waived to Criminal Court
• Extending Due Process to Juveniles
• Juveniles and the Death Penalty
• Juvenile Community Corrections
• Intensive Probation
• Residential and Institutional Juvenile Corrections
• Chapter 14: Legal Issues in Corrections
• Introduction
• The Rule of Law
• The Hands-Off Period: 1866–1963
• The Prisoners’ Rights Period: 1964–1978
• First Amendment
• Fourth Amendment
• Eighth Amendment
• Fourteenth Amendment
• The Civil Commitment of Sex Offenders
• Prisoners’ Rights in Comparison Countries
• Curtailing Prisoner Petitions
• Legal Issues in Probation and Parole
• Chapter 15: Correctional Programming and Treatment
• The Rise and Fall (and Rise Again) of Rehabilitation
• The Shift from “Nothing Works” to “What Works?”
• Evidence-Based Practices
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• Substance Abuse Programming
• Drug Treatment with Swift Consequences for Failure: Hawaii’s HOPE Program
• Therapeutic Communities
• Pharmacological Treatment
• Anger Management
• Sex Offenders and Their Treatment
• Mentally Ill Offenders
• Chapter 16: The Death Penalty
• The Death Penalty and Public Opinion
• Methods of Execution used in the United States
• Legal Challenges to the Death Penalty
• Does the Death Penalty Deter?
• Financial Costs and the Death Penalty
• Racial Disparity in Death Sentences
• The Issue of Victim’s Race
• Women and the Death Penalty
• The Chivalry Hypotheses
• The Evil Women Hypotheses
• The Death Penalty and Mental Disability
• The Death Penalty and Mental Illness
• The Innocence Revolution
• Some Concerns with DNA Technology
• Some Concerns with Neuroimaging Technology
• Chapter 17: Corrections in the 21st Century
• Introduction: Learning From the Past So That We Have Hope for the Future
• Punitive Policies Yield Overuse of Corrections
• Decarceration
• Professionalization
• Corrections Is a Relationship Business
• Privatization
• Concluding Thoughts