Developing Mathematical Reasoning

Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms
First Edition
Developing Mathematical Reasoning
February 2025 | 296 pages | Corwin
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ISBN: 9781071978368
Available from January 0001
Paperback
ISBN: 9781071948262
Available from January 0001

Description

Math is not rote-memorizable. Math is not random-guessable. Math is figure-out-able.

Author Pam Harris argues that teaching real math—math that is free of distortions–will reach more students more effectively and result in deeper understanding and longer retention. This book is about teaching undistorted math using the kinds of mental reasoning that mathematicians do.

Memorization tricks and algorithms meant to make math “easier” are full of traps that sacrifice long-term student growth for short-lived gains. Students and teachers alike have been led to believe that they’ve learned more and more math, but in reality their brains never get any stronger. 

Using these tricks may make facts easier to memorize in isolation, but that very disconnect distorts the reality of math. The mountain of trivia piles up until students hit a breaking point. Humanity's most powerful system of understanding, organizing, and making an impact on the world becomes a soul-draining exercise in confusion, chaos, and lost opportunities.

Developing Mathematical Reasoning: Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms emphasizes the importance of teaching students increasingly sophisticated mathematical reasoning and understanding underlying concepts rather than relying on a set rule for solving problems. This book illuminates a hierarchy of mathematical reasoning to help teachers guide students through various domains of math development, from basic counting and adding to more complex proportional and functional reasoning.

Everyone is capable of understanding and doing real math. This book:

  • Highlights the important mathematical relationships, strategies, and models for students to develop

  • Offers personal stories, reflection sections, and extensive practical exercises for easy implementation

  • Includes real math—a lot of it—to provide teachers with examples they can put to use in their classrooms immediately

This book is a valuable resource for educators looking to reach more students by building a strong foundation of mathematical thinking in their students. By addressing common misconceptions about math and providing practical strategies for teaching real math, this book shows that everyone can use the mathematical relationships they already know to reason about new relationships. In other words, everyone can math.

Contents

Preface

Preface

Chapter 1: Math Is Figure-Out-Able

Chapter 1: Math Is Figure-Out-Able

Chapter 2: Developing Mathematical Reasoning

Chapter 2: Developing Mathematical Reasoning

Chapter 3: The Trap of Addition and Subtraction Algorithms

Chapter 3: The Trap of Addition and Subtraction Algorithms

Chapter 4: The Trap of Multiplication and Division Algorithms

Chapter 4: The Trap of Multiplication and Division Algorithms

Chapter 5: The Trap of Fraction- and Proportion-Solving Algorithms

Chapter 5: The Trap of Fraction- and Proportion-Solving Algorithms

Chapter 6: Lost in Functional Reasoning

Chapter 6: Lost in Functional Reasoning

Chapter 7: If Not Algorithms, Then What?

Chapter 7: If Not Algorithms, Then What?

Conclusion

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Discussion Questions

#MathStratChat – an example of Problem Talks and Problem Strings

#MathStratChat – an example of Problem Talks and Problem Strings

References

References

Index

Index

Description

Math is not rote-memorizable. Math is not random-guessable. Math is figure-out-able.

Author Pam Harris argues that teaching real math—math that is free of distortions–will reach more students more effectively and result in deeper understanding and longer retention. This book is about teaching undistorted math using the kinds of mental reasoning that mathematicians do.

Memorization tricks and algorithms meant to make math “easier” are full of traps that sacrifice long-term student growth for short-lived gains. Students and teachers alike have been led to believe that they’ve learned more and more math, but in reality their brains never get any stronger. 

Using these tricks may make facts easier to memorize in isolation, but that very disconnect distorts the reality of math. The mountain of trivia piles up until students hit a breaking point. Humanity's most powerful system of understanding, organizing, and making an impact on the world becomes a soul-draining exercise in confusion, chaos, and lost opportunities.

Developing Mathematical Reasoning: Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms emphasizes the importance of teaching students increasingly sophisticated mathematical reasoning and understanding underlying concepts rather than relying on a set rule for solving problems. This book illuminates a hierarchy of mathematical reasoning to help teachers guide students through various domains of math development, from basic counting and adding to more complex proportional and functional reasoning.

Everyone is capable of understanding and doing real math. This book:

  • Highlights the important mathematical relationships, strategies, and models for students to develop

  • Offers personal stories, reflection sections, and extensive practical exercises for easy implementation

  • Includes real math—a lot of it—to provide teachers with examples they can put to use in their classrooms immediately

This book is a valuable resource for educators looking to reach more students by building a strong foundation of mathematical thinking in their students. By addressing common misconceptions about math and providing practical strategies for teaching real math, this book shows that everyone can use the mathematical relationships they already know to reason about new relationships. In other words, everyone can math.

Contents

Preface

Preface

Chapter 1: Math Is Figure-Out-Able

Chapter 1: Math Is Figure-Out-Able

Chapter 2: Developing Mathematical Reasoning

Chapter 2: Developing Mathematical Reasoning

Chapter 3: The Trap of Addition and Subtraction Algorithms

Chapter 3: The Trap of Addition and Subtraction Algorithms

Chapter 4: The Trap of Multiplication and Division Algorithms

Chapter 4: The Trap of Multiplication and Division Algorithms

Chapter 5: The Trap of Fraction- and Proportion-Solving Algorithms

Chapter 5: The Trap of Fraction- and Proportion-Solving Algorithms

Chapter 6: Lost in Functional Reasoning

Chapter 6: Lost in Functional Reasoning

Chapter 7: If Not Algorithms, Then What?

Chapter 7: If Not Algorithms, Then What?

Conclusion

Conclusion

Discussion Questions

Discussion Questions

#MathStratChat – an example of Problem Talks and Problem Strings

#MathStratChat – an example of Problem Talks and Problem Strings

References

References

Index

Index

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Developing Mathematical Reasoning

Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms


February 2025 | 296 pages | Corwin

Format Published Date ISBN Price
Paperback 01/02/2026 9781071948262 $40.95
Lifetime 01/02/2026 9781071978368 $37.00

Math is not rote-memorizable. Math is not random-guessable. Math is figure-out-able.

Author Pam Harris argues that teaching real math—math that is free of distortions–will reach more students more effectively and result in deeper understanding and longer retention. This book is about teaching undistorted math using the kinds of mental reasoning that mathematicians do.

Memorization tricks and algorithms meant to make math “easier” are full of traps that sacrifice long-term student growth for short-lived gains. Students and teachers alike have been led to believe that they’ve learned more and more math, but in reality their brains never get any stronger. 

Using these tricks may make facts easier to memorize in isolation, but that very disconnect distorts the reality of math. The mountain of trivia piles up until students hit a breaking point. Humanity's most powerful system of understanding, organizing, and making an impact on the world becomes a soul-draining exercise in confusion, chaos, and lost opportunities.

Developing Mathematical Reasoning: Avoiding the Trap of Algorithms emphasizes the importance of teaching students increasingly sophisticated mathematical reasoning and understanding underlying concepts rather than relying on a set rule for solving problems. This book illuminates a hierarchy of mathematical reasoning to help teachers guide students through various domains of math development, from basic counting and adding to more complex proportional and functional reasoning.

Everyone is capable of understanding and doing real math. This book:

  • Highlights the important mathematical relationships, strategies, and models for students to develop

  • Offers personal stories, reflection sections, and extensive practical exercises for easy implementation

  • Includes real math—a lot of it—to provide teachers with examples they can put to use in their classrooms immediately

This book is a valuable resource for educators looking to reach more students by building a strong foundation of mathematical thinking in their students. By addressing common misconceptions about math and providing practical strategies for teaching real math, this book shows that everyone can use the mathematical relationships they already know to reason about new relationships. In other words, everyone can math.


Table Of Contents:

  • Preface
  • Chapter 1: Math Is Figure-Out-Able
  • Chapter 2: Developing Mathematical Reasoning
  • Chapter 3: The Trap of Addition and Subtraction Algorithms
  • Chapter 4: The Trap of Multiplication and Division Algorithms
  • Chapter 5: The Trap of Fraction- and Proportion-Solving Algorithms
  • Chapter 6: Lost in Functional Reasoning
  • Chapter 7: If Not Algorithms, Then What?
  • Conclusion
  • Discussion Questions
  • #MathStratChat – an example of Problem Talks and Problem Strings
  • References
  • Index

Recent Product Reviews:

Are you teaching operations, fractions or functions? If so, Harris has some gorgeous ideas for you—showing us the ways they are all ‘figure-out-able’ with mathematical reasoning.
Jo Boaler, Stanford University
Developing Mathematical Reasoning is every teacher’s guide to breaking away from algorithmic-centered teaching. From the three distortions of mathematics to the hierarchies of mathematical reasoning, Harris helps us understand how math and math teaching have become entangled in a tension between algorithms and reasoning, and then shows us how to untangle this tension through a series of real classroom examples. In so doing, Harris shows us that math is, actually, ‘figure-out-able.’
Peter Liljedahl, Simon Fraser University
Harris explores the limitations of an algorithm-centered classroom and emphasizes the need for true mathematical reasoning. By presenting a hierarchy of reasoning domains and advocating for a strategy-centered approach, this book equips educators with vital tools to empower students and deepen their understanding of mathematics.
Graham Fletcher
Chock full of real stories about real people engaging with real math, Developing Mathematical Reasoning lives up to its title. Harris beautifully empowers educators with practical insights and steps to help students become true mathematical thinkers, not just mimickers—essential for a world that needs confident reasoners.
James Tanton, The Global Math Project
This book is a gem that should be read by every teacher of mathematics. Harris offers a K–12 continuum of narratives from classrooms and builds a strong argument for why algorithms should not be the focus of instruction if we truly want to produce numerate, mathematically empowered thinkers.
Catherine Fosnot, New Perspectives on Learning

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