Table Of Contents:

• About the Author
• Acknowledgments
• Preface to the Instructor
• To the Student—How to Use SPSS With This Book
• PART I: INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
• 1.1 The Use of Statistics in Science
• 1.2 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
• 1.3 Research Methods and Statistics
• 1.4 Scales of Measurement
• 1.5 Types of Variables for Which Data Are Measured
• 1.6 Research in Focus: Evaluating Data and Scales of Measurement
• 1.7 SPSS in Focus: Entering and Defining Variables
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Chapter 2: Summarizing Data: Frequency Distributions in Tables and Graphs
• 2.1 Why Summarize Data?
• 2.2 Frequency Distributions for Grouped Data
• 2.3 Identifying Percentile Points and Percentile Ranks
• 2.4 SPSS in Focus: Frequency Distributions for Quantitative Data
• 2.5 Frequency Distributions for Ungrouped Data
• 2.6 Research in Focus: Summarizing Demographic Information
• 2.7 SPSS in Focus: Frequency Distributions for Categorical Data
• 2.8 Graphing Distributions: Continuous Data
• 2.9 Graphing Distributions: Discrete and Categorical Data
• 2.10 Research in Focus: Frequencies and Percents
• 2.11 SPSS in Focus: Histograms, Bar Charts, and Pie Charts
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Chapter 3: Summarizing Data: Central Tendency
• 3.1 Introduction to Central Tendency
• 3.2 Measures of Central Tendency
• 3.3 Characteristics of the Mean
• 3.4 Choosing an Appropriate
• 3.5 Research in Focus: Describing Central Tendency
• 3.6 SPSS in Focus: Mean, Median, and Mode
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Chapter 4: Summarizing Data: Variability
• 4.1 Measuring Variability
• 4.2 The Range and Interquartile Range
• 4.3 Research in Focus: Reporting the Range
• 4.4 The Variance
• 4.5 Explaining Variance for Populations and Samples
• 4.6 The Computational Formula for Variance
• 4.7 The Standard Deviation
• 4.8 What Does the Standard Deviation Tell Us?
• 4.9 Characteristics of the Standard Deviation
• 4.10 SPSS in Focus: Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• PART II: PROBABILITY AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
• Chapter 5: Probability, Normal Distributions, and z Scores
• 5.1 Introduction to Probability
• 5.2 Calculating Probability
• 5.3 Probability and the Normal Distribution
• 5.4 Characteristics of the Normal Distribution
• 5.5 Research in Focus: The Statistical Norm
• 5.6 The Standard Normal Distribution and z Scores
• 5.7 A Brief Introduction to the Unit Normal Table
• 5.8 Locating Proportions
• 5.9 Locating Scores
• 5.10 SPSS in Focus: Converting Raw Scores to Standard z Scores
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Chapter 6: Characteristics of the Sample Mean
• 6.1 Selecting Samples From Populations
• 6.2 Selecting a Sample: Who’s In and Who’s Out?
• 6.3 Sampling Distributions: The Mean
• 6.4 The Standard Error of the Mean
• 6.5 Factors That Decrease Standard Error
• 6.6 SPSS in Focus: Estimating the Standard Error of the Mean
• 6.7 APA in Focus: Reporting the Standard Error
• 6.8 Standard Normal Transformations With Sampling Distributions
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Chapter 7: Hypothesis Testing: Significance, Effect Size, and Power
• 7.1 Inferential Statistics and Hypothesis Testing
• 7.2 Four Steps to Hypothesis Testing
• 7.3 Hypothesis Testing and Sampling Distributions
• 7.4 Making a Decision: Types of Error
• 7.5 Testing for Significance: Examples Using the z Test
• 7.6 Research in Focus: Directional Versus Nondirectional Tests
• 7.7 Measuring the Size of an Effect: Cohen’s d
• 7.8 Effect Size, Power, and Sample Size
• 7.9 Additional Factors That Increase Power
• 7.10 SPSS in Focus: A Preview for Chapters 8 to 14
• 7.11 APA in Focus: Reporting the Test Statistic and Effect Size
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• PART III: MAKING INFERENCES ABOUT ONE OR TWO MEANS
• Chapter 8: Testing Means: One-Sample t Test With Confidence Intervals
• 8.1 Going From z to t
• 8.2 The Degrees of Freedom
• 8.3 Reading the t Table
• 8.4 Computing the One-Sample t Test
• 8.5 Effect Size for the One-Sample t Test
• 8.6 Confidence Intervals for the One-Sample t Test
• 8.7 Inferring Significance and Effect Size From a Confidence Interval
• 8.8 SPSS in Focus: One-Sample t Test and Confidence Intervals
• 8.9 APA in Focus: Reporting the t Statistic and Confidence Intervals
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Chapter 9: Testing Means: Two- Independent-Sample t Test With Confidence Intervals
• 9.1 Introduction to the Between-Subjects Design
• 9.2 Selecting Samples for Comparing Two Groups
• 9.3 Variability and Comparing Differences Between Two Groups
• 9.4 Computing the Two-Independent- Sample t Test
• 9.5 Effect Size for the Two-Independent- Sample t Test
• 9.6 Confidence Intervals for the Two-Independent-Sample t Test
• 9.7 Inferring Significance and Effect Size From a Confidence Interval
• 9.8 SPSS in Focus: Two-Independent- Sample t Test and Confidence Intervals
• 9.9 APA in Focus: Reporting the t Statistic and Confidence Intervals
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Chapter 10: Testing Means: Related-Samples t Test With Confidence Intervals
• 10.1 Related-Samples Designs
• 10.2 Introduction to the Related-Samples t Test
• 10.3 Computing the Related-Samples t Test
• 10.4 Measuring Effect Size for the Related-Samples t Test
• 10.5 Confidence Intervals for the Related-Samples t Test
• 10.6 Inferring Significance and Effect Size From a Confidence Interval
• 10.7 SPSS in Focus: Related-Samples t Test and Confidence Intervals
• 10.8 APA in Focus: Reporting the t Statistic and Confidence Intervals
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• PART IV: MAKING INFERENCES ABOUT THE VARIABILITY OF TWO OR MORE MEANS
• Chapter 11: One-Way Analysis of Variance: Between- Subjects and Within- Subjects (Repeated- Measures) Designs
• 11.1 An Introduction to Analysis of Variance
• 11.2 The Between-Subjects Design for Analysis of Variance
• 11.3 Computing the One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA
• 11.4 Post Hoc Tests: An Example Using Tukey’s HSD
• 11.5 SPSS in Focus: The One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA
• 11.6 The Within-Subjects Design for Analysis of Variance
• 11.7 Computing the One-Way Within-Subjects ANOVA
• 11.8 Post Hoc Tests for the Within-Subjects Design
• 11.9 SPSS in Focus: The One-Way Within-Subjects ANOVA
• 11.10 A Comparison of Within-Subjects and Between-Subjects Designs for ANOVA: Implications for Power
• 11.11 APA in Focus: Reporting the Results of the One-Way ANOVAs
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Chapter 12: Two-Way Analysis of Variance: Between-Subjects Factorial Design
• 12.1 Introduction to Factorial Designs
• 12.2 Structure and Notation for the Two-Way ANOVA
• 12.3 Describing Variability: Main Effects and Interactions
• 12.4 Computing the Two-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA
• 12.5 Analyzing Main Effects and Interactions
• 12.6 Measuring Effect Size for Main Effects and the Interaction
• 12.7 SPSS in Focus: The Two-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA
• 12.8 APA in Focus: Reporting the Results of the Two-Way ANOVAs
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• PART V: MAKING INFERENCES ABOUT PATTERNS, PREDICTION, AND NONPARAMETRIC TESTS
• Chapter 13: Correlation and Linear Regression
• 13.1 The Structure of Data Used for Identifying Patterns and Making Predictions
• 13.2 Fundamentals of the Correlation
• 13.3 The Pearson Correlation Coefficient
• 13.4 SPSS in Focus: Pearson Correlation Coefficient
• 13.5 Assumptions and Limitations for Linear Correlations
• 13.6 Alternatives to Pearson: Spearman, Point-Biserial, and Phi
• 13.7 SPSS in Focus: Computing the Alternatives to Pearson
• 13.8 Fundamentals of Linear Regression
• 13.9 Using the Method of Least Squares to Find the Regression Line
• 13.10 Using Analysis of Regression to Determine Significance
• 13.11 SPSS in Focus: Analysis of Regression
• 13.12 A Look Ahead to Multiple Regression
• 13.13 APA in Focus: Reporting Correlations and Linear Regression
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Chapter 14: Chi-Square Tests: Goodness of Fit and the Test for Independence
• 14.1 Distinguishing Parametric and Nonparametric Tests
• 14.2 The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
• 14.3 SPSS in Focus: The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
• 14.4 Interpreting the Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
• 14.5 The Chi-Square Test for Independence
• 14.6 Measures of Effect Size for the Chi-Square Test for Independence
• 14.7 SPSS in Focus: The Chi-Square Test for Independence
• 14.8 APA in Focus: Reporting the Chi-Square Tests
• Chapter Summary Organized by Learning Objective
• Key Terms
• End-of-Chapter Problems
• Afterword: A Final Thought on the Role of Statistics in Research Methods
• Appendix A: Basic Math Review and Summation Notation
• A.1 Positive and Negative Numbers
• A.2 Addition
• A.3 Subtraction
• A.4 Multiplication
• A.5 Division
• A.6 Fractions
• A.7 Decimals and Percents
• A.8 Exponents and Roots
• A.9 Order of Computation
• A.10 Equations: Solving for x
• A.11 Summation Notation
• Key Terms
• Review Problems
• Appendix B. SPSS General Instructions Guide
• Appendix C. Statistical Tables
• Table C.1 The Unit Normal Table
• Table C.2 Critical Values for the t Distribution
• Table C.3 Critical Values for the F Distribution
• Table C.4 The Studentized Range Statistic (q)
• Table C.5 Critical Values for the Pearson Correlation
• Table C.6 Critical Values for the Spearman Correlation
• Table C.7 Critical Values for Chi-Square (c2)
• Appendix D: Solutions for Even-Numbered Problems
• Glossary
• References
• Index