Table Of Contents:

• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• Section I- Foundations of Design and Analysis
• Chapter 1- The Scientific Method
• Empirical Data
• Step 1: Ask a Question
• Choose a Topic
• Ask a Simple Question
• Step 2: Read the Published Literature
• Locate Research
• Choose a Specific Question
• Step 3: Create a Method
• Step 4: Collect and Analyze Data
• Step 5: Answer the Research Question
• Step 6: Share Your Results
• Research in Psychology: APA Style
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Chapter 2- Ethical Research
• Ethical Treatment of Participants
• Assessing Risk to Participants
• Literature Review
• Hypothesis
• The Sample
• Method
• Statistics and the Data
• Benefits
• Risk
• Appendices
• Personnel
• Certification of Ethics Training
• Deception
• Testing of Special Populations
• Medical Procedures
• Animal Research
• Informed Consent
• Treating Participants Ethically
• Ethics After Testing Participants
• Data Entry
• Data Analysis
• Writing a Presentation or Manuscript
• Authorship Issues
• Presenting and Publishing Research
• Who Is Harmed by Unethical Behavior?
• Ethical Data-Collection Methods
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Chapter 3- Research Designs and Variables
• Correlational Design
• Longitudinal Studies
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Experimental Design
• Independent Variable
• Dependent Variable
• Cause and Effect
• Random Assignment
• Extraneous Variables
• Internal Validity
• Levels of Measurement
• Nominal Variable
• Ordinal Variable
• Interval Variable
• Ratio Variable
• Why Do We Care?
• Summarizing Variables: Central Tendency
• Mode
• Median
• Mean
• Summarizing Variables: Variability
• Range
• Standard Deviation
• SPSS: Summarizing Variables
• Nominal Data
• Ordinal Data
• Interval and Ratio Data
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• Reference
• Chapter 4- Learning About a Population From a Sample
• Selecting a Sample
• Random Sampling
• Cluster Sampling
• Stratified Random Sampling
• Convenience Sampling
• Bias in a Sample
• Inferential Statistics
• Sampling Error
• Probability
• Hypothesis Testing
• Significance
• p-values and Effect Size
• Power and Sample Size
• Degrees of Freedom
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• Section II- Categorical Variables and Simple Frequency
• Chapter 5- One Variable With Frequency Data
• Research Design: Categorizing Participants
• One-Way Chi Square With Equal Expected Frequencies
• SPSS: One-Way Chi Square With Equal Expected Frequencies
• Effect Size: Cohen’s w
• APA Style for the One-Way Chi Square With Equal Expected Frequencies
• Power
• One-Way Chi Square With Unequal Expected Frequencies
• SPSS: One-Way Chi Square With Unequal Expected Frequencies
• APA Style for the One-Way Chi Square With Unequal Expected Frequencies
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Chapter 6- Two Variables With Frequency Data
• Research Design: Two Categorical Variables
• Two-Way Chi Square: 2 × 3 Design
• Power
• SPSS: 2 × 3 Chi Square
• Effect Size: Contingency Coefficient and Cramer’s V
• APA Style for the 2 × 3 Chi Square
• Two-Way Chi Square: 2 × 2 Design
• Effect Size: Phi Coefficient
• SPSS: 2 × 2 Chi Square
• APA Style for the 2 × 2 Chi Square
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Section III- Research Without Grouping
• Chapter 7- Examining Relationships
• Pearson’s r: Seeking a Relationship
• SPSS: Pearson’s r (Seeking a Relationship)
• Two-Tailed Test
• One-Tailed Test
• Power
• Graphs as Figures: Scatterplot
• APA Style for Pearson’s r: Correlational Design
• Pearson’s r: Seeking Cause and Effect
• Previewing Data With a Scatterplot
• SPSS: Pearson’s r (Seeking Cause and Effect)
• Effect Size: Coefficient of Determination
• APA Style for Pearson’s r: Experimental Design
• Inaccurate Pearson’s r
• When Pearson’s r Falsely Shows No Relationship
• Outliers That Weaken Pearson’s r
• Nonlinear Relationship
• Restriction of Range
• When Pearson’s r Falsely Shows a Relationship
• Restriction of Range on a Curvilinear Relationship
• Outliers That Strengthen Pearson’s r
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Chapter 8- Scale Development
• Pearson’s r and Reliability of Measures
• Test-Retest Reliability
• Alternate-Forms Reliability
• Split-Half Reliability
• Cronbach’s Alpha and Reliability of Measures
• SPSS: Scoring and Interpreting Measures
• Reverse Scoring Items
• Cronbach’s Alpha on SPSS
• Scoring a Measure
• Reliability With Subjective Measures: Interrater Reliability
• Pearson’s r and Validity
• Face Validity
• Content Validity
• Convergent Construct Validity
• Discriminant Construct Validity
• Predictive Validity
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Chapter 9- Prediction
• Prediction and Correlation
• Linear Regression: Prediction Using One Predictor
• Correlation First
• Linear Regression
• Error in Predictions
• SPSS: Linear Regression
• Effect Size: Cohen’s f 2
• APA Style for Linear Regression
• Power
• Multiple Linear Regression: Prediction With Two Predictors
• SPSS: Multiple Linear Regression
• APA Style for Multiple Linear Regression
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Section IV- Grouped Designs With Independent Samples
• Chapter 10- One Variable With Two Independent Groups
• Research Design: One IV With Two Levels
• SPSS: Independent-Samples t-test With an IV
• Directional Hypothesis
• Effect Size: Cohen’s d
• Confidence Intervals
• Power
• APA Style for the Independent-Samples t-test: Experimental Design
• Graphs as Figures: Bar Graph
• Outliers
• Using a Quasi-IV to Establish a Relationship
• SPSS: Independent-Samples t-test With a Quasi-IV
• APA Style for the Independent-Samples t-test: Correlational Design
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Chapter 11- One Variable With More Than Two Independent Groups
• Research Design: One IV With More Than Two Levels
• SPSS: One-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA With an IV
• Effect Size: Eta Squared
• Post Hoc Comparisons
• Confidence Intervals
• Power
• APA Style for the One-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA: Experimental Design
• Analyzing a Quasi-IV With More Than Two Levels
• SPSS: One-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA With a Quasi-IV
• APA Style for the One-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA: Correlational Design
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Section V- Grouped Designs With Related Samples
• Chapter 12- One Variable with Two Related Groups
• Testing the Same People Twice
• Problems With Testing the Same People Twice
• Practice Effect
• Fatigue Effect
• History Effect
• Maturation
• Solving Order Problems by Counterbalancing
• Avoiding Confounds
• Research Design: One IV With Two Related Groups
• SPSS: Related-Samples t-test (Experimental Design)
• Confidence Intervals
• Effect Size: Cohen’s d
• APA Style for the Related-Samples t-test: Experimental Design
• Power
• Research Design: One Quasi-IV With Two Related Groups
• SPSS: Related-Samples t-test (Correlational Design)
• APA Style for the Related-Samples t-test: Correlational Design
• Research Design: Testing Different People (Matched Pairs)
• Matching Participants
• Matching in a Two-Condition Study
• The Matching Process
• SPSS: Matched-Pairs t-test
• APA Style for the Matched-Pairs t-test
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Chapter 13- One Variable With Repeated Measures: More Than Two Groups
• Research Design: One IV With Repeated Measures
• SPSS: One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA (Experimental Design)
• Sphericity
• Effect Size: Eta Squared
• Confidence Intervals
• Power
• APA Style for the One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA: Experimental Design
• Research Design: One Quasi-IV With Repeated Measures
• SPSS: One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA (Correlational Design)
• APA Style for the One-Way, Repeated-Measures ANOVA: Correlational Design
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Section VI- Advanced Design
• Chapter 14- Two Variables With Independent Samples
• Research Design: Two IVs With Independent Samples
• SPSS: Two-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA (No Significant Interaction)
• Effect Size: Eta Squared
• Post Hoc for a Main Effect
• Confidence Intervals
• Power
• Graphing a Main Effect
• APA Style for Two-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA With Main Effects
• Research Design: One IV and One Quasi-IV With Independent Groups
• SPSS: Two-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA (Significant Interaction)
• Examining the Interaction
• Post Hoc for an Interaction
• Graphing an Interaction
• APA Style for the Two-Way, Between-Groups ANOVA With an Interaction
• Summary
• Review of Terms
• Practice Items
• References
• Appendices
• Appendix A- Power Analysis Table
• Appendix B- Graphing in Excel
• Scatterplots
• Bar Graphs
• Line Graphs
• Interaction Graphs
• Appendix C- APA-Style Manuscript Guidelines
• Key Elements in APA-Style Writing
• The Basics
• Title Page
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Method
• Results
• Discussion
• References
• Tables, Figures, and Appendices
• Common Mistakes and Tips for Writing
• Example Paper With Comments
• Example Paper Without Comments
• Appendix D- Selected Answers to Practice Items
• Appendix E- Glossary of Terms
• Index